CVRN Questions 2026 answers
Pulmonary edema - correct answers Nitroglycerin - reduce preload
loop diuretic - promote diuresis and venodilation
morphine - reduce anxiety
ACE inhibitors - reduce afterload
Ventricular tachycardia - correct answers 3 or more ventricular contractions in a row at a rate of
100-200 bpm.
Defibrillate if patient is unconscious or unstable
Cardiac tamponade - correct answers S/S: decresed chest tube drainage, muffled heart sounds,
tachycardia, pulsus paradoxus, and decreased urinary output.
if chest tube is kinked/blocked you can milk it but not strip it.
cardiac ischemia - correct answers characterized by inverted T waves
(ST segment will elevate as heart muscle is damaged and elevated symmetrical T waves will
form)
Q wave MI - correct answers Q or QS waves develop as repolarization is altered or absent
Q wave changes are usually permanent
Pericardities - correct answers sudden onset of intermittent substernal pain that refers to the
neck, arm, and back
, angina pain - correct answers related to exertion and lasts 5-15 min.
Felt substernal or retrosternal, radiating across the chest and sometimes in the neck, arm, and
jaw.
Myocardial pain - correct answers lasts over 15 min and occurs spontaineously or after unstable
angina
It is substernal or over the pericardium with possible spread across the shoulders and hands
Anxiety pain - correct answers lasts 2-3 min
tends to occur across the chest and not radiate
possible numbness in the hands and mouth
Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) - correct answers A ratio derived by dividing the ankle blood pressure
by the brachial blood pressure; this calculation is used to assess the vascular status of the lower
extremities. To obtain the ABI, a blood pressure cuff is applied to the lower extremities just
above the malleoli. The systolic pressure is measured by Doppler ultrasound at both the dorsalis
pedis and posterior tibial pulses. The higher of these two pressures is then divided by the higher
of the two brachial pulses.
>1.2 - possible calcification in vessel walls
1-1.2 - Normal
.9-.99 - acceptable
.8-.89 - some arterial disease
0.5-0.79 - moderate arterial disease (intermittent claudication)
Pulmonary edema - correct answers Nitroglycerin - reduce preload
loop diuretic - promote diuresis and venodilation
morphine - reduce anxiety
ACE inhibitors - reduce afterload
Ventricular tachycardia - correct answers 3 or more ventricular contractions in a row at a rate of
100-200 bpm.
Defibrillate if patient is unconscious or unstable
Cardiac tamponade - correct answers S/S: decresed chest tube drainage, muffled heart sounds,
tachycardia, pulsus paradoxus, and decreased urinary output.
if chest tube is kinked/blocked you can milk it but not strip it.
cardiac ischemia - correct answers characterized by inverted T waves
(ST segment will elevate as heart muscle is damaged and elevated symmetrical T waves will
form)
Q wave MI - correct answers Q or QS waves develop as repolarization is altered or absent
Q wave changes are usually permanent
Pericardities - correct answers sudden onset of intermittent substernal pain that refers to the
neck, arm, and back
, angina pain - correct answers related to exertion and lasts 5-15 min.
Felt substernal or retrosternal, radiating across the chest and sometimes in the neck, arm, and
jaw.
Myocardial pain - correct answers lasts over 15 min and occurs spontaineously or after unstable
angina
It is substernal or over the pericardium with possible spread across the shoulders and hands
Anxiety pain - correct answers lasts 2-3 min
tends to occur across the chest and not radiate
possible numbness in the hands and mouth
Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) - correct answers A ratio derived by dividing the ankle blood pressure
by the brachial blood pressure; this calculation is used to assess the vascular status of the lower
extremities. To obtain the ABI, a blood pressure cuff is applied to the lower extremities just
above the malleoli. The systolic pressure is measured by Doppler ultrasound at both the dorsalis
pedis and posterior tibial pulses. The higher of these two pressures is then divided by the higher
of the two brachial pulses.
>1.2 - possible calcification in vessel walls
1-1.2 - Normal
.9-.99 - acceptable
.8-.89 - some arterial disease
0.5-0.79 - moderate arterial disease (intermittent claudication)
