BIOL 134 (General Biology II Lab) study
materials Questions and Answers
1. Which organelle is responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?
A. Ribosome
B. Nucleus
C. Mitochondrion
C. Golgi apparatus
Rationale: Mitochondria are the “powerhouses” of the cell, producing ATP via oxidative
phosphorylation.
2. Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?
A. Protein
B. Lipid
C. Nucleic acid (DNA)
C. Carbohydrate
Rationale: DNA stores genetic instructions; RNA helps in protein synthesis.
3. Which type of bond holds complementary DNA strands together?
A. Ionic bonds
B. Hydrogen bonds
B. Covalent bonds
C. Peptide bonds
Rationale: Hydrogen bonds form between nitrogenous bases (A–T, G–C).
4. Which phase of mitosis involves alignment of chromosomes at the cell’s equator?
A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
B. Anaphase
C. Telophase
Rationale: In metaphase, chromosomes align at the metaphase plate.
5. Which process produces gametes in animals?
A. Mitosis
B. Meiosis
B. Binary fission
C. Budding
Rationale: Meiosis reduces chromosome number by half, producing gametes.
6. Which structure in plants is responsible for photosynthesis?
A. Mitochondria
B. Chloroplasts
B. Vacuole
C. Endoplasmic reticulum
Rationale: Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis.
, 7. Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome?
A. mRNA
B. tRNA
B. rRNA
C. snRNA
Rationale: Transfer RNA (tRNA) delivers amino acids during translation.
8. Which kingdom includes multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with no cell walls?
A. Plantae
B. Animalia
B. Fungi
C. Protista
Rationale: Animals are heterotrophic and lack cell walls.
9. Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
A. Veins
B. Arteries
B. Capillaries
C. Venules
Rationale: Arteries transport blood away from the heart.
10. Which part of the brain regulates balance and coordination?
A. Cerebrum
B. Cerebellum
B. Medulla oblongata
C. Hypothalamus
Rationale: The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movement and balance.
11. Which organ filters blood and produces urine?
A. Liver
B. Kidney
B. Pancreas
C. Spleen
Rationale: Kidneys filter waste and regulate fluid balance.
12. Which type of muscle is involuntary and found in the digestive tract?
A. Skeletal
B. Smooth
B. Cardiac
C. Voluntary
Rationale: Smooth muscle is involuntary and lines hollow organs.
13. Which molecule is the universal energy currency of cells?
A. Glucose
B. ATP
materials Questions and Answers
1. Which organelle is responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?
A. Ribosome
B. Nucleus
C. Mitochondrion
C. Golgi apparatus
Rationale: Mitochondria are the “powerhouses” of the cell, producing ATP via oxidative
phosphorylation.
2. Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?
A. Protein
B. Lipid
C. Nucleic acid (DNA)
C. Carbohydrate
Rationale: DNA stores genetic instructions; RNA helps in protein synthesis.
3. Which type of bond holds complementary DNA strands together?
A. Ionic bonds
B. Hydrogen bonds
B. Covalent bonds
C. Peptide bonds
Rationale: Hydrogen bonds form between nitrogenous bases (A–T, G–C).
4. Which phase of mitosis involves alignment of chromosomes at the cell’s equator?
A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
B. Anaphase
C. Telophase
Rationale: In metaphase, chromosomes align at the metaphase plate.
5. Which process produces gametes in animals?
A. Mitosis
B. Meiosis
B. Binary fission
C. Budding
Rationale: Meiosis reduces chromosome number by half, producing gametes.
6. Which structure in plants is responsible for photosynthesis?
A. Mitochondria
B. Chloroplasts
B. Vacuole
C. Endoplasmic reticulum
Rationale: Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis.
, 7. Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome?
A. mRNA
B. tRNA
B. rRNA
C. snRNA
Rationale: Transfer RNA (tRNA) delivers amino acids during translation.
8. Which kingdom includes multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with no cell walls?
A. Plantae
B. Animalia
B. Fungi
C. Protista
Rationale: Animals are heterotrophic and lack cell walls.
9. Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
A. Veins
B. Arteries
B. Capillaries
C. Venules
Rationale: Arteries transport blood away from the heart.
10. Which part of the brain regulates balance and coordination?
A. Cerebrum
B. Cerebellum
B. Medulla oblongata
C. Hypothalamus
Rationale: The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movement and balance.
11. Which organ filters blood and produces urine?
A. Liver
B. Kidney
B. Pancreas
C. Spleen
Rationale: Kidneys filter waste and regulate fluid balance.
12. Which type of muscle is involuntary and found in the digestive tract?
A. Skeletal
B. Smooth
B. Cardiac
C. Voluntary
Rationale: Smooth muscle is involuntary and lines hollow organs.
13. Which molecule is the universal energy currency of cells?
A. Glucose
B. ATP
