PBSI 340 EXAM 2 EXAMINATION TEST 2026
FULL QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ Learning vs. Memory. Answer: Learning - a process used to acquire
knowledge
Memory - the retention of learned information over time
⩥ Learning and memory are forms of ____.. Answer: Plasticity
⩥ Criteria for Learning. Answer: - behavioral modification depends on a
form of neural plasticity
- modification depends on organism's experiential history
- modification outlasts the environmental contingencies used to induce it
(there must be memory)
⩥ What is plasticity. Answer: The brain's remarkable ability to
reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life,
allowing it to adapt, learn new skills, recover from injury, and change
dysfunctional patterns
,⩥ What is nativism?. Answer: All learning is innate, already hardwired
into the brain
⩥ Who (Nativism). Answer: Plato - Doctrine of Anamnesis
⩥ What is empiricism?. Answer: All knowledge is acquired
⩥ Who (Empiricism). Answer: Aristotle - early empiricism
⩥ What is dualism- Unextended substance?. Answer: Non physical =
mind and free will
⩥ What is dualism- Extended substance?. Answer: Physical - body
⩥ Who (Dualism). Answer: Descartes
⩥ What are the implications of dualism?. Answer: Some parts of human
behavior can be studied (reflexology)
⩥ What is scientific materialism?. Answer: The mind may be a machine
and we can derive the laws of the mind
⩥ Who (Scientific Materialism). Answer: Julien Offray de La Mettrie
, ⩥ What is Lloyd Morgan's Canon?. Answer: The simplest possible
explanation of a phenomenon of behavior is preferred
⩥ What are Aristotle's Laws of Association?. Answer: 1. Law of
Similarity
2. Law of Contrast
3. Law of Contiguity
4. Law of Frequency
⩥ Explain the Law of Similarity (Aristotle). Answer: Events that are
similar to each other are readily associated with each other
EX: car and truck are called automobiles because they are similar in
appearance (have wheels, doors, headlights etc.) and carry passengers.
⩥ Explain the Law of Contrast (Aristotle). Answer: Events that are
opposite to each other are readily associated.
EX: we associate black with white, short with tall etc
⩥ Explain the Law of Contiguity (Aristotle). Answer: Events that occur
in close proximity to each other in time or space are readily associated
(contiguity= closeness)
EX: A child quickly learns to associate thunder with lightning because
the sound of thunder soon follows the flash of lightning
FULL QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ Learning vs. Memory. Answer: Learning - a process used to acquire
knowledge
Memory - the retention of learned information over time
⩥ Learning and memory are forms of ____.. Answer: Plasticity
⩥ Criteria for Learning. Answer: - behavioral modification depends on a
form of neural plasticity
- modification depends on organism's experiential history
- modification outlasts the environmental contingencies used to induce it
(there must be memory)
⩥ What is plasticity. Answer: The brain's remarkable ability to
reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life,
allowing it to adapt, learn new skills, recover from injury, and change
dysfunctional patterns
,⩥ What is nativism?. Answer: All learning is innate, already hardwired
into the brain
⩥ Who (Nativism). Answer: Plato - Doctrine of Anamnesis
⩥ What is empiricism?. Answer: All knowledge is acquired
⩥ Who (Empiricism). Answer: Aristotle - early empiricism
⩥ What is dualism- Unextended substance?. Answer: Non physical =
mind and free will
⩥ What is dualism- Extended substance?. Answer: Physical - body
⩥ Who (Dualism). Answer: Descartes
⩥ What are the implications of dualism?. Answer: Some parts of human
behavior can be studied (reflexology)
⩥ What is scientific materialism?. Answer: The mind may be a machine
and we can derive the laws of the mind
⩥ Who (Scientific Materialism). Answer: Julien Offray de La Mettrie
, ⩥ What is Lloyd Morgan's Canon?. Answer: The simplest possible
explanation of a phenomenon of behavior is preferred
⩥ What are Aristotle's Laws of Association?. Answer: 1. Law of
Similarity
2. Law of Contrast
3. Law of Contiguity
4. Law of Frequency
⩥ Explain the Law of Similarity (Aristotle). Answer: Events that are
similar to each other are readily associated with each other
EX: car and truck are called automobiles because they are similar in
appearance (have wheels, doors, headlights etc.) and carry passengers.
⩥ Explain the Law of Contrast (Aristotle). Answer: Events that are
opposite to each other are readily associated.
EX: we associate black with white, short with tall etc
⩥ Explain the Law of Contiguity (Aristotle). Answer: Events that occur
in close proximity to each other in time or space are readily associated
(contiguity= closeness)
EX: A child quickly learns to associate thunder with lightning because
the sound of thunder soon follows the flash of lightning
