NRSG258 Exam Revision - Surgical Nursing
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9xbhc3
1. Consent must be (5): - voluntary
- specific
- informed
- legal capacity
- current
2. Legal Capacity: 18 years old
3. Advance Care Directive: legal documents outline care person wishes to receive if they no longer have
capacity to make their own decisions
4. Factors affecting Legal Capacity (5): - unconscious
- intellectual disability (e.g. dementia)
- brain injury (depends on degree)
- emergency
- child
5. Doctrine of Necessity/Emergency: in emergency where patient cannot consent, reasonable treat-
ment to save life or prevent serious injury or death can be administered
6. Signs of Inflammation (5): - redness
- heat
- pain
- swelling
- loss of function
7. Chronic Inflammation: >2 weeks with increased purulent discharge and poor wound healing
8. Malignant Hyperthermia: rare genetic condition > treat with dantrolene
9. Benefits of Fever (5): - improves immune function
- increased release of cytokines
- increased T and B cell activity
- increased phagocytosis
- decreased nutrients for bacteria
10. Risks of Fever (4): - stress on body
- brain damage is sustained >41 degrees
- death >43 degrees
- febrile seizures >39 degrees
11. Acute Pain: productive and occurs immediately after tissue damage
, NRSG258 Exam Revision - Surgical Nursing
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9xbhc3
12. Chronic Pain: disease state that is maladaptive, persistent and has no defensive or useful purpose due to
continuous transmission of pain in nerves that transmit pain
13. Chronic Pain includes (5): - neuropathic (MS)
- inflammatory (arthritis)
- pathologic (cancer)
- allodynia (from non-painful stimulus)
- hyperalgesia (increased sensitivity to pain)
14. Innate (non-specific) defences: those you're born with (intact skin)
15. Adaptive (specific) immunity: immunity from T and B cells developed in response to infection/inva-
sion
16. Nocieptors: sensory nerves which respond to pain and transmit pain via lateral spinothalamic tracts to the
brain
17. Referred pain: pain in part of the body not related to the cause
18. Dermatomes: sensory nerves transmitting pain from skin and organs to the brain
19. Types of Anaesthesia (5): 1. General Anaesthesia
2. Local Anaesthesia
3. Central Nerve Blocks (spinal/epidural)
4. Regional Anaesthesia
5. Sedation/Analgesia
20. General Anaesthesia: reversable, unconscious state characterised by amnesia, analgesia and supression
of reflexes
21. Stages of Anaesthesia (4): 1. Analgesia
2. Delirium
3. Surgicial anaesthesia
4. Medullary depression
22. Pharmacokinetics of Propofol: short half life of 2-4 mins leading to early metabolism and discharge
23. Propofol Contraindications (1): made with egg protein so contraindicated in egg allergies
24. Adverse Effects of IV Anaesthetics (5): - hypotension
- bradycardia
- respiratory depression
- pain at injection site
- cardiac arrest
, NRSG258 Exam Revision - Surgical Nursing
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9xbhc3
25. Adverse Effects of Inhalation Anaesthetics (3): - shivering
- increased salivation
- increased post-op nausea and vomiting
26. Inhalation Anaesthetic Contraindications (3): - renal/hepatic impairment
- coronary artery disease
- hypovolaemia
27. Neuroleptanaglesia: joint administration of tranquilising drug and analgesic especially for relief of srgical
pain (e.g. fentanyl, midaz and droperidol)
28. Adverse Effects of Opioids (5): - respiratory depression
- vomiting
- bradycardia
- peripheral vasodilation when combined with anaesthesia
- pruritis (itching)
29. Young People & GA: - many drugs not tested for paediatric response
- limited protein binding
- larger liver
- immature enzymes
- immature renal function
30. Older People & GA: - decreased metabolism
- polypharmacy
31. Pregnancy & GA: - drugs lipid soluble cross the placenta
32. Obesity & GA: - diabetes
- respiratory difficulties
- impaired lung expansion
- increased metabolic needs due to excess weight
33. Smoking & GA: - increased risk of CV disease
- compromised liver function
34. Alcohol & GA: - liver dysfunction
- increased liver metabolsing enzymes leads to decreased effect of drug
35. GA Nursing Consideration: Temperature: - anaesthetic decrease function of hypothalamus
- increased heat loss from open organs and exposure to environement
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9xbhc3
1. Consent must be (5): - voluntary
- specific
- informed
- legal capacity
- current
2. Legal Capacity: 18 years old
3. Advance Care Directive: legal documents outline care person wishes to receive if they no longer have
capacity to make their own decisions
4. Factors affecting Legal Capacity (5): - unconscious
- intellectual disability (e.g. dementia)
- brain injury (depends on degree)
- emergency
- child
5. Doctrine of Necessity/Emergency: in emergency where patient cannot consent, reasonable treat-
ment to save life or prevent serious injury or death can be administered
6. Signs of Inflammation (5): - redness
- heat
- pain
- swelling
- loss of function
7. Chronic Inflammation: >2 weeks with increased purulent discharge and poor wound healing
8. Malignant Hyperthermia: rare genetic condition > treat with dantrolene
9. Benefits of Fever (5): - improves immune function
- increased release of cytokines
- increased T and B cell activity
- increased phagocytosis
- decreased nutrients for bacteria
10. Risks of Fever (4): - stress on body
- brain damage is sustained >41 degrees
- death >43 degrees
- febrile seizures >39 degrees
11. Acute Pain: productive and occurs immediately after tissue damage
, NRSG258 Exam Revision - Surgical Nursing
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9xbhc3
12. Chronic Pain: disease state that is maladaptive, persistent and has no defensive or useful purpose due to
continuous transmission of pain in nerves that transmit pain
13. Chronic Pain includes (5): - neuropathic (MS)
- inflammatory (arthritis)
- pathologic (cancer)
- allodynia (from non-painful stimulus)
- hyperalgesia (increased sensitivity to pain)
14. Innate (non-specific) defences: those you're born with (intact skin)
15. Adaptive (specific) immunity: immunity from T and B cells developed in response to infection/inva-
sion
16. Nocieptors: sensory nerves which respond to pain and transmit pain via lateral spinothalamic tracts to the
brain
17. Referred pain: pain in part of the body not related to the cause
18. Dermatomes: sensory nerves transmitting pain from skin and organs to the brain
19. Types of Anaesthesia (5): 1. General Anaesthesia
2. Local Anaesthesia
3. Central Nerve Blocks (spinal/epidural)
4. Regional Anaesthesia
5. Sedation/Analgesia
20. General Anaesthesia: reversable, unconscious state characterised by amnesia, analgesia and supression
of reflexes
21. Stages of Anaesthesia (4): 1. Analgesia
2. Delirium
3. Surgicial anaesthesia
4. Medullary depression
22. Pharmacokinetics of Propofol: short half life of 2-4 mins leading to early metabolism and discharge
23. Propofol Contraindications (1): made with egg protein so contraindicated in egg allergies
24. Adverse Effects of IV Anaesthetics (5): - hypotension
- bradycardia
- respiratory depression
- pain at injection site
- cardiac arrest
, NRSG258 Exam Revision - Surgical Nursing
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9xbhc3
25. Adverse Effects of Inhalation Anaesthetics (3): - shivering
- increased salivation
- increased post-op nausea and vomiting
26. Inhalation Anaesthetic Contraindications (3): - renal/hepatic impairment
- coronary artery disease
- hypovolaemia
27. Neuroleptanaglesia: joint administration of tranquilising drug and analgesic especially for relief of srgical
pain (e.g. fentanyl, midaz and droperidol)
28. Adverse Effects of Opioids (5): - respiratory depression
- vomiting
- bradycardia
- peripheral vasodilation when combined with anaesthesia
- pruritis (itching)
29. Young People & GA: - many drugs not tested for paediatric response
- limited protein binding
- larger liver
- immature enzymes
- immature renal function
30. Older People & GA: - decreased metabolism
- polypharmacy
31. Pregnancy & GA: - drugs lipid soluble cross the placenta
32. Obesity & GA: - diabetes
- respiratory difficulties
- impaired lung expansion
- increased metabolic needs due to excess weight
33. Smoking & GA: - increased risk of CV disease
- compromised liver function
34. Alcohol & GA: - liver dysfunction
- increased liver metabolsing enzymes leads to decreased effect of drug
35. GA Nursing Consideration: Temperature: - anaesthetic decrease function of hypothalamus
- increased heat loss from open organs and exposure to environement
