Test Bank & Study Guide for Simulated National Board Dental Hygiene Examinations – Test 2 Page 1 2026-03-13
Test Bank & Study Guide for
Simulated National Board
Dental Hygiene Examinations
– Test 2
Guidehttps://www.stuvia.com/dashboard!@_)#*)(@$)($@*($@)($@*_ 1
Page 1 of 111 Test Bank & Study Guide for Simulated National Board Dental Hygiene Examinations – Test 2.pdf
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Which of the following is a measure of the energy needed to maintain life while at rest and without food?
BMR
RATIONALE: Energy for basal metabolism is referred to as the basal metabolic rate (BMR), which is a measure of
energy. The specific dynamic energy (SDE) is a measure used during metabolism of food. Protein energy malnutrition
(PEM), a potentially fatal protein deficit, is prominent in anorexic individuals, as well as those in later stages of HIV
infection. Coronary heart disease (CHD), is a disease state, not a measure of energy.
During the intraoral examination, a translucent-to-whitish irregular film on the buccal mucosa is noted. The film is not
removable with gauze. Which of the following conditions is MOST likely present?
Hyperkeratinization
RATIONALE: Hyperkeratinization can result from constant low-grade irritations such as cheek biting, which causes an
abnormal layer of keratin to develop. The client needs to be questioned regarding parafunctional oral habits.
Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells whereas linea alba presents as a whitish, horizontal, elevated line on
the buccal mucosa at the height of the occlusal plane. Also whitish in appearance, leukoplakia is characterized as
white patches that sometimes appear fissured, may cause discomfort, cannot be scraped off and are considered
precancerous.
Page 2 of 111 2 Simulated National Board Dental Hygiene Examinations_ TEST 2.pdf
,Simulated National Board Dental Hygiene Examinations_ TEST 2 Page 3 2026-03-13
When comparing permanent and primary molars, which of the following statements is TRUE?
Primary molars have larger pulp chambers.
RATIONALE: The pulp chambers of primary molars are larger than those of the permanent molars. Second primary
molars, not first primary molars, have anatomy similar to that of the first permanent molars. Primary molars have the
same number of roots as permanent molars; note that neither primary molars nor permanent molars are classified as
succedaneous teeth. A succedaneous tooth is a permanent tooth that replaces a primary tooth. Thus, permanent
incisors are succedaneous, but permanent molars are not. The root trunks of primary molars are very short in
comparison with those of permanent molars
John Jeffry, a 45-year-old man, calls the dental office to request an appointment for an oral examination. After
discovering that he has cerebral palsy, the office manager tells Mr. Jeffry that he cannot be treated in the office due to
his condition. Which of the following BEST describes the behavior being demonstrated by the office manager?
This behavior is an example of discrimination according to the Americans with Disabilities Act.
RATIONALE: This illegal behavior is an example of discrimination according to the Americans with Disabilities Act
(ADA). Based upon the ADA, dental practices can neither refuse treatment based on a client's disability nor can they
prescreen clients to determine whether they will provide care. Although the Equal Rights Amendment affords
important protection to all citizens, it has no bearing on the provision of dental treatment.
Page 3 of 111 3 Simulated National Board Dental Hygiene Examinations_ TEST 2.pdf
, Simulated National Board Dental Hygiene Examinations_ TEST 2 Page 4 2026-03-13
Which of the following correctly ranks the tissues in order of MOST sensitive to LEAST sensitive to ionizing radiation?
Reproductive, lymphatic, endocrine, digestive, nervous
RATIONALE: In general, younger cells with a high rate of metabolism, an increased proliferation and growth rate, and
a decrease in specialization are more susceptible to radiation-induced biologic changes. Therefore, reproductive
organs represent tissue with cells that are most radiosensitive, whereas the nervous system is composed of cells
considered to be the most radioresistant. In descending order of radiosensitivity are lymphatic, endocrine, and
digestive tissues. An important concept, tissues that are less sensitive to radiation-induced biological changes will be
more specialized, have lower rates of metabolism and decreased proliferation and growth rates.
Which of the following describes a dental implant that is placed on the surface of the bone beneath the periosteum?
Subperiosteal
RATIONALE: A subperiosteal implant is placed on the surface of the bone beneath the periosteum. Periosseous is not
a term associated with a type of dental implant. An endosseous implant is placed into the alveolar bone whereas a
transosteal implant is placed through the alveolar bone.
Page 4 of 111 4 Simulated National Board Dental Hygiene Examinations_ TEST 2.pdf
Test Bank & Study Guide for
Simulated National Board
Dental Hygiene Examinations
– Test 2
Guidehttps://www.stuvia.com/dashboard!@_)#*)(@$)($@*($@)($@*_ 1
Page 1 of 111 Test Bank & Study Guide for Simulated National Board Dental Hygiene Examinations – Test 2.pdf
,Simulated National Board Dental Hygiene Examinations_ TEST 2 Page 2 2026-03-13
Which of the following is a measure of the energy needed to maintain life while at rest and without food?
BMR
RATIONALE: Energy for basal metabolism is referred to as the basal metabolic rate (BMR), which is a measure of
energy. The specific dynamic energy (SDE) is a measure used during metabolism of food. Protein energy malnutrition
(PEM), a potentially fatal protein deficit, is prominent in anorexic individuals, as well as those in later stages of HIV
infection. Coronary heart disease (CHD), is a disease state, not a measure of energy.
During the intraoral examination, a translucent-to-whitish irregular film on the buccal mucosa is noted. The film is not
removable with gauze. Which of the following conditions is MOST likely present?
Hyperkeratinization
RATIONALE: Hyperkeratinization can result from constant low-grade irritations such as cheek biting, which causes an
abnormal layer of keratin to develop. The client needs to be questioned regarding parafunctional oral habits.
Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells whereas linea alba presents as a whitish, horizontal, elevated line on
the buccal mucosa at the height of the occlusal plane. Also whitish in appearance, leukoplakia is characterized as
white patches that sometimes appear fissured, may cause discomfort, cannot be scraped off and are considered
precancerous.
Page 2 of 111 2 Simulated National Board Dental Hygiene Examinations_ TEST 2.pdf
,Simulated National Board Dental Hygiene Examinations_ TEST 2 Page 3 2026-03-13
When comparing permanent and primary molars, which of the following statements is TRUE?
Primary molars have larger pulp chambers.
RATIONALE: The pulp chambers of primary molars are larger than those of the permanent molars. Second primary
molars, not first primary molars, have anatomy similar to that of the first permanent molars. Primary molars have the
same number of roots as permanent molars; note that neither primary molars nor permanent molars are classified as
succedaneous teeth. A succedaneous tooth is a permanent tooth that replaces a primary tooth. Thus, permanent
incisors are succedaneous, but permanent molars are not. The root trunks of primary molars are very short in
comparison with those of permanent molars
John Jeffry, a 45-year-old man, calls the dental office to request an appointment for an oral examination. After
discovering that he has cerebral palsy, the office manager tells Mr. Jeffry that he cannot be treated in the office due to
his condition. Which of the following BEST describes the behavior being demonstrated by the office manager?
This behavior is an example of discrimination according to the Americans with Disabilities Act.
RATIONALE: This illegal behavior is an example of discrimination according to the Americans with Disabilities Act
(ADA). Based upon the ADA, dental practices can neither refuse treatment based on a client's disability nor can they
prescreen clients to determine whether they will provide care. Although the Equal Rights Amendment affords
important protection to all citizens, it has no bearing on the provision of dental treatment.
Page 3 of 111 3 Simulated National Board Dental Hygiene Examinations_ TEST 2.pdf
, Simulated National Board Dental Hygiene Examinations_ TEST 2 Page 4 2026-03-13
Which of the following correctly ranks the tissues in order of MOST sensitive to LEAST sensitive to ionizing radiation?
Reproductive, lymphatic, endocrine, digestive, nervous
RATIONALE: In general, younger cells with a high rate of metabolism, an increased proliferation and growth rate, and
a decrease in specialization are more susceptible to radiation-induced biologic changes. Therefore, reproductive
organs represent tissue with cells that are most radiosensitive, whereas the nervous system is composed of cells
considered to be the most radioresistant. In descending order of radiosensitivity are lymphatic, endocrine, and
digestive tissues. An important concept, tissues that are less sensitive to radiation-induced biological changes will be
more specialized, have lower rates of metabolism and decreased proliferation and growth rates.
Which of the following describes a dental implant that is placed on the surface of the bone beneath the periosteum?
Subperiosteal
RATIONALE: A subperiosteal implant is placed on the surface of the bone beneath the periosteum. Periosseous is not
a term associated with a type of dental implant. An endosseous implant is placed into the alveolar bone whereas a
transosteal implant is placed through the alveolar bone.
Page 4 of 111 4 Simulated National Board Dental Hygiene Examinations_ TEST 2.pdf
