CNPR EXAMINATIONS WITH CORRECT AND
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS, Exams of Pharmacology
approvable letter - ANSWERletters sent by the FDA to the applicant indicating
whether the new drug application meets necessary requirements.
asymptomatic - ANSWERwithout sings or symptoms of disease.
blinded or masked study - ANSWERa study in which participants do not know
whether they are in the experimental or control group in a research study.
control or control group - ANSWERthe standard by which experimental
observations are evaluated.
double-blind or double masked study - ANSWERone in which neither the
participants nor the study staff know which participants are receiving the
experimental treatment and which ones are getting either a standard
treatment or a placebo.
edema - ANSWERswelling.
fast-track drugs - ANSWERfast-track approval is provided for drugs that meet
medical needs for patients with serious or life-threatening conditions.
,indication - ANSWERin terms of drugs approval, the exact cause or purpose
for which the FDA has approved that a drug can be prescribed
institutional review board (IRB) - ANSWERcommittee of physicians,
statisticians, community advocated, and others which ensure that a clinical
trial is ethical and that the rights of the study participants are protected. All
clinical trials must be approved by an IRB before they begin.
off label - ANSWERusage of a medication for purposes other than the specific
ones appearing in the labeling.
placebo - ANSWERinactive pill, liquid, or powder that has no treatment value.
placebo effect - ANSWERthe effect produced by a placebo due to the
expectations of the patient.
study protocol - ANSWERthe general design and operating features of a trial.
it is distinguished from the study manual of operations by its generality and
absence of specific details needed for day-to-day execution of the trial.
toxicity - ANSWERthe extent, quality, or degree to which a substance is a
poisonous or harmful to the body.
treatment group - ANSWERa group of patients assigned to receive a specified
treatment.
anatomy - ANSWERstudy of the basic structures of the body.
,physiology - ANSWERstudy of how those body structures function.
clinical pharmacology - ANSWERstudy of the effects and movement of drugs
in the human body.
how many prescriptions are dispensed in the united states each year? -
ANSWER3 billion.
pharmacodynamics - ANSWERstudy of the biochemical and physiological
effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action.
pharmacokinetics - ANSWERstudy of how a drug is processed by the body,
with emphasis on the time required for absorption, duration of action,
distribution, and method of excretion. the study of how the body affects
drugs.
drug distribution and elimination - ANSWERdrug delivery systems, route of
administration, modes of excretion.
drug - ANSWERa substance other than food that changes the structure or
function of the body or mind.
what are the three names of drugs? - ANSWERchemical name, generic name,
and one or more trade names.
chemical name - ANSWERdescribes the atomic or molecular structure of the
drug.
, generic name - ANSWERlegal noncommercial name for a drug.
trade name - ANSWERchosen by the pharmaceutical company that
manufactures or distributes the drug.
pharmakon - ANSWERmedicine
logos - ANSWERstudy
pharmacology - ANSWERstudy of medicine
aminoglycosides - ANSWERclass of antibiotics that are useful in the treatment
of many infectious diseases.
ADME testing - ANSWERmeasures the rate at which the body absorbs the
drug, distributes it to the organs necessary to produce the desired effect,
metabolizes it into waste material and then excretes it from the body.
absorption - ANSWERhow the drug passes from its site of administration into
the bloodstream.
distribution - ANSWERhow the drug is dispersed among the organs of the
body after it is absorbed into the bloodstream, and how much reaches the
target organs.
metabolism - ANSWERhow the active part of the drug is metabolized into a
more water-soluble compound that can be readily excreted by the kidneys.
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS, Exams of Pharmacology
approvable letter - ANSWERletters sent by the FDA to the applicant indicating
whether the new drug application meets necessary requirements.
asymptomatic - ANSWERwithout sings or symptoms of disease.
blinded or masked study - ANSWERa study in which participants do not know
whether they are in the experimental or control group in a research study.
control or control group - ANSWERthe standard by which experimental
observations are evaluated.
double-blind or double masked study - ANSWERone in which neither the
participants nor the study staff know which participants are receiving the
experimental treatment and which ones are getting either a standard
treatment or a placebo.
edema - ANSWERswelling.
fast-track drugs - ANSWERfast-track approval is provided for drugs that meet
medical needs for patients with serious or life-threatening conditions.
,indication - ANSWERin terms of drugs approval, the exact cause or purpose
for which the FDA has approved that a drug can be prescribed
institutional review board (IRB) - ANSWERcommittee of physicians,
statisticians, community advocated, and others which ensure that a clinical
trial is ethical and that the rights of the study participants are protected. All
clinical trials must be approved by an IRB before they begin.
off label - ANSWERusage of a medication for purposes other than the specific
ones appearing in the labeling.
placebo - ANSWERinactive pill, liquid, or powder that has no treatment value.
placebo effect - ANSWERthe effect produced by a placebo due to the
expectations of the patient.
study protocol - ANSWERthe general design and operating features of a trial.
it is distinguished from the study manual of operations by its generality and
absence of specific details needed for day-to-day execution of the trial.
toxicity - ANSWERthe extent, quality, or degree to which a substance is a
poisonous or harmful to the body.
treatment group - ANSWERa group of patients assigned to receive a specified
treatment.
anatomy - ANSWERstudy of the basic structures of the body.
,physiology - ANSWERstudy of how those body structures function.
clinical pharmacology - ANSWERstudy of the effects and movement of drugs
in the human body.
how many prescriptions are dispensed in the united states each year? -
ANSWER3 billion.
pharmacodynamics - ANSWERstudy of the biochemical and physiological
effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action.
pharmacokinetics - ANSWERstudy of how a drug is processed by the body,
with emphasis on the time required for absorption, duration of action,
distribution, and method of excretion. the study of how the body affects
drugs.
drug distribution and elimination - ANSWERdrug delivery systems, route of
administration, modes of excretion.
drug - ANSWERa substance other than food that changes the structure or
function of the body or mind.
what are the three names of drugs? - ANSWERchemical name, generic name,
and one or more trade names.
chemical name - ANSWERdescribes the atomic or molecular structure of the
drug.
, generic name - ANSWERlegal noncommercial name for a drug.
trade name - ANSWERchosen by the pharmaceutical company that
manufactures or distributes the drug.
pharmakon - ANSWERmedicine
logos - ANSWERstudy
pharmacology - ANSWERstudy of medicine
aminoglycosides - ANSWERclass of antibiotics that are useful in the treatment
of many infectious diseases.
ADME testing - ANSWERmeasures the rate at which the body absorbs the
drug, distributes it to the organs necessary to produce the desired effect,
metabolizes it into waste material and then excretes it from the body.
absorption - ANSWERhow the drug passes from its site of administration into
the bloodstream.
distribution - ANSWERhow the drug is dispersed among the organs of the
body after it is absorbed into the bloodstream, and how much reaches the
target organs.
metabolism - ANSWERhow the active part of the drug is metabolized into a
more water-soluble compound that can be readily excreted by the kidneys.
