NUR 3125 - exam 1 questions with
answers
cell requirements - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔O2, nutrients
constant temp
water supply
waste disposal
-cell injury occurs if one of these is compromised
etiology: idiopathic, iatrogenic, nosocomial, comm
acquired - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔causes for a specific
disease
-idiopathic (unknown etiology)
-iatrogenic (caused by medical treatment)
-nosocomial (acquired from hospital)
-community acquired
pathogenesis: rapid, prodrome, self-limited, chronic,
remissions, exacerbations - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔patterns of tissue change assoc with the development
of a disease; how an infection leads to a disease
-rapid onset
,-prodrome (early symptoms indicating the onset of a
disease)
-self-limited (goes away on its own, beginning and end)
-chronic (more than 2 weeks) - cycle of remission and
exacerbations
-remissions (comes back)
-exacerbations (triggered by smtn to worsen symptoms
asthma)
manifestations - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔signs (objective -
pulse rate, BP) symptoms (subjective - nausea, SOB) - the
evidence pointing to a disease, lesions (structural
changes, gross or microscopic)
-pre-clinical: no symptoms but disease is biologically
present
-sub-clinical: no clinical findings but can be detected by
lab results
outcomes of disease: resolution, progression, sequelae,
complications - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-resolution
-progression
-sequelae: a disease/outcome resulting from a previous
disease..rheumatic fever and MI
-complications: onset of a disease in a person who
already has an existing disease (post-op infection)
,prognosis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔expected outcome of
a disease
"survival rate of 95" helps pt with decision making
extrinsic vs. intrinsic factors - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔extrinsic: outside of body (stress, trauma, infectious
agents, climate)
intrinsic: genetic comp, age, gender, types/# receptors
causes of variations of normal values - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔genetic makeup, environmental
interactions, age, control mechanisms/variability for body
fxn,
what to look for if cell under attack - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔-extent of damage to ATP, metabolic changes,
impairment to cell membrane fxn
-not all cell damage will be detectable...only late stage
cell adaptations: atrophy - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔decrease in cell size:
1. physiologic (normal) ex. thymus gland is bigger in
children and decreases OT
, 2. pathologic: due to lack of neural stimulation, disuse, ↓
workload/pressure/nutrition/blood supply, hormonal
stimulation
-decrease in protein synthesis/increased protein
catabolism, or both
ex. disuse atrophy - limb in a cast may atrophy due to
lack of mobility
-paraplegics, muscles contract
Autophagy - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔lysosomes break
down damaged organelles
-some substances may resist breakdown and a
brown/yellow residue may accumulate with age
(lipofuscin - like age spots on skin; sign of free radical
injury)
cell adaptations: hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔cell increases in size
caused by increased work demand, hormones
triggers: mechanical/trophic
-physiological: working out (increase muscle mass)
-pathological: increase in pressure, volume overload (↑
BP) heart failure
answers
cell requirements - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔O2, nutrients
constant temp
water supply
waste disposal
-cell injury occurs if one of these is compromised
etiology: idiopathic, iatrogenic, nosocomial, comm
acquired - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔causes for a specific
disease
-idiopathic (unknown etiology)
-iatrogenic (caused by medical treatment)
-nosocomial (acquired from hospital)
-community acquired
pathogenesis: rapid, prodrome, self-limited, chronic,
remissions, exacerbations - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔patterns of tissue change assoc with the development
of a disease; how an infection leads to a disease
-rapid onset
,-prodrome (early symptoms indicating the onset of a
disease)
-self-limited (goes away on its own, beginning and end)
-chronic (more than 2 weeks) - cycle of remission and
exacerbations
-remissions (comes back)
-exacerbations (triggered by smtn to worsen symptoms
asthma)
manifestations - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔signs (objective -
pulse rate, BP) symptoms (subjective - nausea, SOB) - the
evidence pointing to a disease, lesions (structural
changes, gross or microscopic)
-pre-clinical: no symptoms but disease is biologically
present
-sub-clinical: no clinical findings but can be detected by
lab results
outcomes of disease: resolution, progression, sequelae,
complications - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-resolution
-progression
-sequelae: a disease/outcome resulting from a previous
disease..rheumatic fever and MI
-complications: onset of a disease in a person who
already has an existing disease (post-op infection)
,prognosis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔expected outcome of
a disease
"survival rate of 95" helps pt with decision making
extrinsic vs. intrinsic factors - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔extrinsic: outside of body (stress, trauma, infectious
agents, climate)
intrinsic: genetic comp, age, gender, types/# receptors
causes of variations of normal values - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔genetic makeup, environmental
interactions, age, control mechanisms/variability for body
fxn,
what to look for if cell under attack - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔-extent of damage to ATP, metabolic changes,
impairment to cell membrane fxn
-not all cell damage will be detectable...only late stage
cell adaptations: atrophy - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔decrease in cell size:
1. physiologic (normal) ex. thymus gland is bigger in
children and decreases OT
, 2. pathologic: due to lack of neural stimulation, disuse, ↓
workload/pressure/nutrition/blood supply, hormonal
stimulation
-decrease in protein synthesis/increased protein
catabolism, or both
ex. disuse atrophy - limb in a cast may atrophy due to
lack of mobility
-paraplegics, muscles contract
Autophagy - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔lysosomes break
down damaged organelles
-some substances may resist breakdown and a
brown/yellow residue may accumulate with age
(lipofuscin - like age spots on skin; sign of free radical
injury)
cell adaptations: hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔cell increases in size
caused by increased work demand, hormones
triggers: mechanical/trophic
-physiological: working out (increase muscle mass)
-pathological: increase in pressure, volume overload (↑
BP) heart failure
