Nur 257 Chronic Exam 4 (2025 Update) | Complete Questions & 100% Correct Answers

NUR 257 CHRONIC EXAM 4 (2025 UPDATE) | COMPLETE
QUESTIONS & 100% CORRECT ANSWERS




NUR 257 CHRONIC EXAM 4 (2025 UPDATE)
Complete Questions & 100% Correct Answers with Rationales
Galen College of Nursing | Concepts of Aging & Chronic Illness


BATCH 1: QUESTIONS 1-30


Question 1
_______ communicate messages from one neuron to another or to a specific
target tissue.
A. Golgi bodies
B. Axons
C. Electrolytes
D. Neurotransmitters
Correct Answer =D. Neurotransmitters
Rationale: Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers released by neurons at
the synapse (the gap between neurons) to transmit signals to the receiving cell,
which can be another neuron, muscle cell, or gland cell .


Question 2
A client has presented with signs and symptoms that are characteristic of acute
kidney injury, but preliminary assessment reveals no obvious risk factors for this

,health problem. The nurse should recognize the need to interview the client
about what topic?
A. Psychosocial stressors
B. Current medication use
C. Typical diet
D. Allergy status
Correct Answer =B. Current medication use
Rationale: Certain medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs), certain antibiotics, and others, can contribute to acute kidney injury,
even in the absence of obvious risk factors. It's important to assess any
medications that the client is currently taking to determine if they could be
contributing to the condition .


Question 3
A patient with chronic kidney disease is experiencing manifestations of anemia.
Based on this data, which treatment does the nurse anticipate for this patient?
A. Begin fluid restriction
B. Epoetin injections
C. Begin a low-sodium diet
D. Administer IV glucose and insulin
Correct Answer =B. Epoetin injections
Rationale: When kidneys are damaged, they produce less erythropoietin, a
hormone crucial for red blood cell production, leading to anemia in CKD patients .


Question 4
A 42-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of occasional urinary
incontinence when she sneezes. The clinic nurse should recognize what type of
incontinence?

,A. Stress incontinence
B. Overflow incontinence
C. Functional incontinence
D. Reflex incontinence
Correct Answer =A. Stress incontinence
Rationale: Stress incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine through an intact
urethra as a result of sudden increase in intra-abdominal pressure. Reflex
incontinence is loss of urine due to hyperreflexia or involuntary urethral
relaxation in the absence of normal sensations usually associated with voiding.
Overflow incontinence is an involuntary urine loss associated with overdistension
of the bladder. Functional incontinence refers to those instances in which the
function of the lower urinary tract is intact, but other factors (outside the urinary
system) make it difficult or impossible for the patient to reach the toilet in time
for voiding .


Question 5
Which of the following is a true statement about osteoporosis?
A. It primarily affects men over age 70
B. A high risk of death follows an osteoporosis-related fracture
C. Calcium supplements alone can reverse bone loss
D. Weight-bearing exercise is contraindicated
Correct Answer =B. A high risk of death follows an osteoporosis-related fracture
Rationale: Osteoporosis-related fractures, particularly hip fractures, are
associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Up to 20-30% of patients die
within one year following a hip fracture due to complications such as pneumonia,
pulmonary embolism, or complications from surgery and immobility .


Question 6
Which of the following nursing interventions are suitable as a last resort
treatment for gout?

, A. Bed rest with joint immobilization
B. Ice packs applied three times daily
C. Colchicine by mouth
D. High-dose aspirin therapy
Correct Answer =C. Colchicine by mouth
Rationale: Colchicine is used as a last resort treatment for acute gout attacks
when NSAIDs or corticosteroids are contraindicated or ineffective. It works by
decreasing inflammation and should be administered at the first sign of an acute
attack .


Question 7
The nurse sees an older adult diagnosed with osteoarthritis (OA) who presents
with a low-grade fever. The client tells the nurse that the pain is changing; it is
worse at night and in the shoulder muscles. Which of the following does the nurse
perform to prevent complications of this client's condition?
A. Apply heat to the affected joints
B. Administer prescribed NSAIDs
C. Direct the client to report temporal or scalp pain
D. Encourage increased physical activity
Correct Answer =C. Direct the client to report temporal or scalp pain
Rationale: These symptoms (low-grade fever, changing pain pattern, night pain,
shoulder muscle pain) may indicate polymyalgia rheumatica or temporal arteritis,
which can accompany OA in older adults. Temporal arteritis requires prompt
treatment with corticosteroids to prevent blindness. The nurse should instruct the
client to report any temporal or scalp pain immediately .


Question 8
The nurse prepares an older adult diagnosed with osteoarthritis (OA) for
discharge. Which instruction does the nurse include in client teaching to maintain
safety for this client?