HCR 220 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% PASS 2026 EDITION
Identify each of the 7 trends in nursing - ANS • Image
• Education
• Advancement in practice
• War
• Workforce issues
• Licensure and regulation
• Research
Discuss the role of knights and religious orders in providing nursing care - ANS • When
soldiers became ill or injured, knights were assigned to provide nursing care when they weren't
engaged in battle. Monks and nuns were assigned to provide nursing care when their care was
not provided by the patient's family. This was a part of their religious charity work.
Describe how the Reformation influenced nursing care - ANS • Role of men in nursing - men
were pulled out of nursing care for people during the Reformation and from then on, nursing
has never been a man's profession.
• Religious order involvement - monastic institutions for providing nursing care for the sick were
closed down, and the very few that were open were run by nuns (only women). This led to the
opening of public hospitals where laywomen were expected to perform nursing care.
Discuss Florence Nightingale's impact on the nursing profession - ANS • Nursing Education -
she opened the first nursing school. She believed that organized nursing education would
@COPYRIGHT 2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 1
, provide a means to raise nursing to a respectable endeavor by clarifying standards for
professional and personal conduct and standardizing how nurses provided care for the sick.
o 1st nurse training school - St. Thomas Hospital in London - June 24, 1860
• not only taught nurses how to care for people in homes and hospitals, but also trained them
to teach other nurses.
• Research & Statistics - Nightingale engaged in retrospective study, which uses statistical
analysis results to justify proposed procedural and policy changes. (Led to today's evidence-
based practices?)
• "Notes on Nursing" - 79-page book meant to explain how to provide nursing care in the home.
Originally made for laywomen so they could learn basic nursing care in the home, but it became
a normal work in nursing schools.
• First American Nursing School - New England Hospital for Women and Children opened by Dr.
Marie Zakrzewska in 1862.
Describe Florence Nightingale's service during the Crimean War - ANS •Nightingale sent to
improve the conditions of the hospitals for the injured soldiers. The rate at which people died
from infection was surpassing the number of deaths from injuries alone. Nightingale worked to
make living conditions cleaner for the soldiers, changing clothes and bedding everyday to
prevent infections. The mortality rate dropped from 60% to a fraction over 1% from her efforts.
Explain why Florence Nightingale is considered a holistic nurse - ANS • Nightingale was
considered a holistic nurse because not only did she care for people's physical needs, but she
also cared for their feelings and other troubles that they were dealing with in the hospital. She
is well known for staying up late and walking through the hospital at night with a candle, making
sure that all of her patients are well accounted and cared for before she could rest herself.
Identify the first Florence Nightingale School of nursing - ANS • St. Thomas Hospital in
London, opened on June 24, 1860
Identify the impact that the five wars occurring in the 1800"s had on the formulation and
progression of the nursing profession. - ANS • American Revolution War 1775-1781 (Treaty
signed in 1983) - did not create any significant advances in nursing. Women were called upon by
Washington to come and provide nursing care for the soldiers, but they did more cooking and
cleaning than nursing, and laywomen and self-proclaimed nurses were also involved. Most
"nurses" in the war were untrained.
@COPYRIGHT 2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 2
ANSWERS 100% PASS 2026 EDITION
Identify each of the 7 trends in nursing - ANS • Image
• Education
• Advancement in practice
• War
• Workforce issues
• Licensure and regulation
• Research
Discuss the role of knights and religious orders in providing nursing care - ANS • When
soldiers became ill or injured, knights were assigned to provide nursing care when they weren't
engaged in battle. Monks and nuns were assigned to provide nursing care when their care was
not provided by the patient's family. This was a part of their religious charity work.
Describe how the Reformation influenced nursing care - ANS • Role of men in nursing - men
were pulled out of nursing care for people during the Reformation and from then on, nursing
has never been a man's profession.
• Religious order involvement - monastic institutions for providing nursing care for the sick were
closed down, and the very few that were open were run by nuns (only women). This led to the
opening of public hospitals where laywomen were expected to perform nursing care.
Discuss Florence Nightingale's impact on the nursing profession - ANS • Nursing Education -
she opened the first nursing school. She believed that organized nursing education would
@COPYRIGHT 2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 1
, provide a means to raise nursing to a respectable endeavor by clarifying standards for
professional and personal conduct and standardizing how nurses provided care for the sick.
o 1st nurse training school - St. Thomas Hospital in London - June 24, 1860
• not only taught nurses how to care for people in homes and hospitals, but also trained them
to teach other nurses.
• Research & Statistics - Nightingale engaged in retrospective study, which uses statistical
analysis results to justify proposed procedural and policy changes. (Led to today's evidence-
based practices?)
• "Notes on Nursing" - 79-page book meant to explain how to provide nursing care in the home.
Originally made for laywomen so they could learn basic nursing care in the home, but it became
a normal work in nursing schools.
• First American Nursing School - New England Hospital for Women and Children opened by Dr.
Marie Zakrzewska in 1862.
Describe Florence Nightingale's service during the Crimean War - ANS •Nightingale sent to
improve the conditions of the hospitals for the injured soldiers. The rate at which people died
from infection was surpassing the number of deaths from injuries alone. Nightingale worked to
make living conditions cleaner for the soldiers, changing clothes and bedding everyday to
prevent infections. The mortality rate dropped from 60% to a fraction over 1% from her efforts.
Explain why Florence Nightingale is considered a holistic nurse - ANS • Nightingale was
considered a holistic nurse because not only did she care for people's physical needs, but she
also cared for their feelings and other troubles that they were dealing with in the hospital. She
is well known for staying up late and walking through the hospital at night with a candle, making
sure that all of her patients are well accounted and cared for before she could rest herself.
Identify the first Florence Nightingale School of nursing - ANS • St. Thomas Hospital in
London, opened on June 24, 1860
Identify the impact that the five wars occurring in the 1800"s had on the formulation and
progression of the nursing profession. - ANS • American Revolution War 1775-1781 (Treaty
signed in 1983) - did not create any significant advances in nursing. Women were called upon by
Washington to come and provide nursing care for the soldiers, but they did more cooking and
cleaning than nursing, and laywomen and self-proclaimed nurses were also involved. Most
"nurses" in the war were untrained.
@COPYRIGHT 2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 2
