NCTRC Exam Questions and
Answers (Grade A+)
Early Childhood—ANSWER---Birth through 6 years
-Child typically develops fundamental motor/social skills
-Rapid changes in child's body
-Exploring limits (cognitively, physically, socially, emotionally)
-Communication skills
-Play is vital - many skills are developed/enhanced through play
Children / Childhood—ANSWER---6 years through 12 years
-Social world expands: sports, games, extracurricular activities such as dance/music lessons
-Children still heavily involved in play
-Improvement of hand-eye coordination
-Friends become more significant than family
Adolescence—ANSWER---13 years through 21 years
-Peer groups (peer pressure) become more important than family
-Individuals struggle to become independent from family
,-Body begins to reach maturation
-Interest in intimate relationships increases
-Sexuality develops: hormones influencing behavior
-Identity: Individuals are beginning to define themselves in their own right
-Toward the end of adolescence, family is regaining its importance
Early Adulthood—ANSWER---21 years through 30 years
-Establish their independence (education, occupation)
-More serious intimate relationships
-Interests may be on more challenging leisure activities or leisure activities that allow for
growth of relationships
-Person may develop an interest in long-term pursuits/passions
Middle Adulthood—ANSWER---30 years through 45 years
-A person's family and career take priority
-Adults find themselves involved in children's leisure pursuits/family oriented activities
Older Adulthood—ANSWER---45 years through 60 years
-Slowing down: metabolism tends to change, weight gain, physical abilities change with
reductions to strength and flexibility
-Cognitively, skills/abilities remain strong
-Midlife Crisis/Depression
© 2026 Copyright. All Rights Reserved. This document is
protected by copyright law, Copyrighted By Brittie Donald
, -Children have moved out; parents becoming dependent or it can be freeing
Senior Adulthood—ANSWER---60 years through 75 years
-Most have great amounts of free time and are retired
-Many begin to experience health problems, while others are healthy and have freedom to
travel or participate in activities of their choosing
"Old-Old" Stage—ANSWER---75 years through death
-For some, physical deterioration is rapid, and for other cognitive deterioration is rapid
-Experience health problems and need assistance
-Their world may become smaller due to the death of friends
-They may need to live in a facility that can provide assistance
-Some "old-old" people will continue to be active
Maslow's Hierarchy—ANSWER---Based on needs with the lowest level being physiological in
nature (food, water, shelter, etc). Then, safety needs, social needs, and self-esteem needs,
with the highest level being self-actualization
-May assist with patient priorities
Social Learning Theory—ANSWER---Although learning is a cognitive process, it takes place in
a social context
-This theory proposes that by observing a behavior, a person also learns by observing the
consequences of that behavior.
-Modeling behaviors (Bandura- Bobo Doll Experiment)
Answers (Grade A+)
Early Childhood—ANSWER---Birth through 6 years
-Child typically develops fundamental motor/social skills
-Rapid changes in child's body
-Exploring limits (cognitively, physically, socially, emotionally)
-Communication skills
-Play is vital - many skills are developed/enhanced through play
Children / Childhood—ANSWER---6 years through 12 years
-Social world expands: sports, games, extracurricular activities such as dance/music lessons
-Children still heavily involved in play
-Improvement of hand-eye coordination
-Friends become more significant than family
Adolescence—ANSWER---13 years through 21 years
-Peer groups (peer pressure) become more important than family
-Individuals struggle to become independent from family
,-Body begins to reach maturation
-Interest in intimate relationships increases
-Sexuality develops: hormones influencing behavior
-Identity: Individuals are beginning to define themselves in their own right
-Toward the end of adolescence, family is regaining its importance
Early Adulthood—ANSWER---21 years through 30 years
-Establish their independence (education, occupation)
-More serious intimate relationships
-Interests may be on more challenging leisure activities or leisure activities that allow for
growth of relationships
-Person may develop an interest in long-term pursuits/passions
Middle Adulthood—ANSWER---30 years through 45 years
-A person's family and career take priority
-Adults find themselves involved in children's leisure pursuits/family oriented activities
Older Adulthood—ANSWER---45 years through 60 years
-Slowing down: metabolism tends to change, weight gain, physical abilities change with
reductions to strength and flexibility
-Cognitively, skills/abilities remain strong
-Midlife Crisis/Depression
© 2026 Copyright. All Rights Reserved. This document is
protected by copyright law, Copyrighted By Brittie Donald
, -Children have moved out; parents becoming dependent or it can be freeing
Senior Adulthood—ANSWER---60 years through 75 years
-Most have great amounts of free time and are retired
-Many begin to experience health problems, while others are healthy and have freedom to
travel or participate in activities of their choosing
"Old-Old" Stage—ANSWER---75 years through death
-For some, physical deterioration is rapid, and for other cognitive deterioration is rapid
-Experience health problems and need assistance
-Their world may become smaller due to the death of friends
-They may need to live in a facility that can provide assistance
-Some "old-old" people will continue to be active
Maslow's Hierarchy—ANSWER---Based on needs with the lowest level being physiological in
nature (food, water, shelter, etc). Then, safety needs, social needs, and self-esteem needs,
with the highest level being self-actualization
-May assist with patient priorities
Social Learning Theory—ANSWER---Although learning is a cognitive process, it takes place in
a social context
-This theory proposes that by observing a behavior, a person also learns by observing the
consequences of that behavior.
-Modeling behaviors (Bandura- Bobo Doll Experiment)
