NURS 251 Cardiology and Nephrology Detailed Exam 2026

NURS 251 Cardiology and Nephrology Detailed Exam 2026 Classify the following blood pressure value- 155/95mmHg. - Correct Ans-Stage 2 Hypertension is often asymptomatic. TRUE OR FALSE - Correct Ans-True Select the best definition of the term Essential Hypertension. -When the cause of a patient's hypertension is caused by diabetes -When the cause of a patient's hypertension is unknown -When the cause of a patient's hypertension is from lifestyle choices -When a patient's blood pressure drops upon standing up - Correct Ans--When the cause of a patient's hypertension is unknown What is the name of the artery that blood flow must be temporarily cut off from when taking a patient's blood pressure? Brachial artery Coronary artery Radial artery Pulmonary artery - Correct Ans-Brachial Artery Heart Rate and Stroke Volume are the primary two factors that determine a patient's_____________. - Correct Ans-Cardiac Output ncreased blood pressure causes an overall increase in peripheral resistance ____A_____ the blood supply to the kidney. As a result, the kidney releases an enzyme called _______B________ ultimately leading to further vasoconstriction and a further increase in_______C______. - Correct Ans-A. Decreasing B. Renin C. Blood pressure What blood pressure reading would warrant the consideration of drug therapy in a 45 year-old-man with no other health conditions? - Correct Ans-anything 140/90mm/Hg True or False: Beta Blockers are first line for the treatment of hypertension. - Correct Ans-False. First line treatment options include: ACE-inhibitors, Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs), Calcium channel blockers, and Thiazide diuretics. Name the drug class that works to lower blood pressure by stimulating receptors in the brain. - Correct Ans-Alpha Agnoists NURS 251 NURS 251 True or False: Beta Blockers' site of action is only in the heart. - Correct Ans-False. Beta blockers exert their effect in both the heart and the kidney What is the name of the pathway that takes Angiotensin and converts it to Angiotensin II? Include the names of the enzymes involved. - Correct Ans-Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone mechanism. Renin and angiotensin converting enzyme Select the side effect common to both ACE-inhibitors and ARBs. - Correct Ans Increased Potassium True or False: Angina is defined as chest pain that occurs when the heart's supply of blood carrying oxygen is insufficient to meet the demands of the heart. - Correct Ans TRUE Select the drug class that is most commonly used to treat an acute angina attack. - Correct Ans-Nitrates Select the dosage form of nitrates that a patient would take if they were treating an angina attack and wanted immediate relief. - Correct Ans-Sublingual tablets Nitrates work by relaxing the vascular smooth muscle. This happens when the nitrate ions are converted to nitric oxide, which is a potent_____A_______. The leads to a _____B______ in blood volume returned to the heart which reduced the workload of the heart. Meaning that less oxygen is required by the heart leading to a relief from the pain. - Correct Ans-A. Vasodilator B. decrease Name the condition that commonly occurs in patient's with CHF characterized by fluid build up in the lungs. - Correct Ans-Pulmonary Edema True or False: There are two classification systems for CHF; however one is basically outdated and obsolete now. - Correct Ans-False. Both the ACCF/AHA Foundation Stages of heart failure and the NYHA functional classes are useful as they help clinicians assess symptoms and better understand disease progression but have different approaches. List at least three symptoms that a patient may have who is experiencing digoxin toxicity. - Correct Ans-low heart rate, headache, dizziness, confusion, nausea, visual disturbances (blurred vision or yellow vison) Select the true statement regarding the treatment of CHF. Beta blockers are not effective in treating heart failure because they only decrease the heart's function more Digoxin is still the first line treatment option when a patient is first diagnosed with CHF ACE-Inhibitors are effective for treating CHF, but ARBs have not been shown to be effective. NURS 251 NURS 251 Diuretics are often used to treat symptoms of edema in patients with CHF. - Correct Ans-Diuretics are often used to treat symptoms of edema in patients with CHF. What is the term used to describe a fat-soluble steroid found in animal fats and oils that is found throughout the body? - Correct Ans-cholesterol Select the true statement regarding hyperlipidemia. Cholesterol is a harmful substance found within the body that has no physiologic function. Low-density lipoprotein is also known as the "good cholesterol." Cholesterol is a necessary steroid the body uses to make cell membranes. Our bodies only source of cholesterol is through the foods that we eat. - Correct Ans Cholesterol is a necessary steroid the body uses to make cell membranes. Look at the lipid panel result below. Which value is out of the recommended level? Lipid panel: HDL- 45mg/dL, LDL- 80mg/dL, TG- 170mg/dL, TC- 190mg/dL - Correct Ans-TG of 170mg/dL (the recommended value it 150mg/dL) Select the patient type that would be a good candidate for the initiation of drug therapy to treat their hyperlipidemia. (select all that apply) A patient that has clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and an LDL of 120mg/dL A patient with an LDL of 120mg/dL A 30-year-old patient with diabetes but no CVD and an LDL of 120mg/dL A 50-year-old patient with diabetes but no CVD and an LDL of 120mg/dL - Correct Ans A patient that has clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and an LDL of 120mg/dL A 50-year-old patient with diabetes but no CVD and an LDL of 120mg/dL True of False: Atorvastatin 40mg would be considered a high intensity statin. - Correct Ans-True What drug class is the condition rhabdomyolysis most commonly associated with? - Correct Ans-The statins or HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors. Name the organ responsible for maintaining water and electrolyte balance within the body. - Correct Ans-Kidney True or False: The majority of water and electrolyte reabsorption occurs in the Proximal Tubule. - Correct Ans-True Name the site of action within the nephron for the following diuretics. a. Loopb. Thiazidec. Potassium Sparing - Correct Ans-Loop = loop of henle b. Thiazide - distal convoluted tubule c Potassium paring - distal convoluted tubule NURS 251 True or False: Furosemide is an example of a loop diuretic that would be an appropriate choice when treating peripheral edema resulting from heart failure. - Correct Ans-TRUE List the side effect of Amiloride that makes it a good drug to use in combination with other diuretics such as the loop and thiazides. - Correct Ans-Raises potassium levels. Both loop and thiazides are known to lower potassium) Thiazide diuretics are effective in treating blood pressure even with significant renal insufficiency. TRUE OR FAlSE - Correct Ans-False. As kidney function declines, thiazides become less effective because the drug is no longer able to reach the site of action. NURS 251