COMD 4500 FINAL | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026
UPDATE | WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
Which professionals can make a medical diagnosis? Answer - Medical
professionals (doctors)
Excitatory inputs to a neuron Answer - brings target neuron closer to threshold
inhibitory inputs to a neuron Answer - takes target neuron further from
threshold
frontal Answer - BRAIN LOBES AND FUNCTIONS
voluntary movement, cognition; control panel for personality and emotions;
problem solving, judgment, memory and language formulation
occipital Answer - BRAIN LOBES AND FUNCTIONS
vision; signals from the optic nerve will end up here, so that they can be further
processed into understanding and interpreting the visual world around us
temporal Answer - BRAIN LOBES AND FUNCTIONS
,hearing & memory processes; sense of hearing and processing sensory input.
Not only does this region of the brain recognize the presence of sound, but of
course it helps us understand those sounds
parietal Answer - BRAIN LOBES AND FUNCTIONS
sense of taste, touch, sensation of movement and where the body is in space
CNS Answer - BASIC NEURAL STRUCTURES
brain and spinal cord-protected by meninges-cerebrospinal fluid-blood brain
barrier
Two main structures: the brain & spinal cord
gray matter for processing signals taking place within the brain
white matter surrounds axons connecting neurons
protected by the meninges, the three protective layers that completely cover
the brain and the spinal cord; these are there to maintain a very protected and
clean environment.
Filled with cerebrospinal fluid
blood brain barrier: kind of a sieve; it will let small things through, but not the
big things
There can be some damage to this blood brain barrier, which then will permit
things to go through that shouldn't be crossing it
if a virus were to enter the brain, that would create a very serious condition
which we know of as encephalitis, or if the meninges themselves are infected,
that's meningitis
PNS Answer - BASIC NEURAL STRUCTURES
, sensory input from periphery-motor output to muscles-spinal nerves for trunk
and limbs-cranial nerves for head and neck
responsible for bringing in sensory input from the periphery
motor output to muscles in the periphery
The main components of the peripheral nervous system are the spinal nerves
and the cranial nerves
spinal nerves originate from the spinal cord, innervate for trunk and limbs
cranial nerves, originate in brain stem and serve functions for sensation and
motor control for head and neck
12 pairs
some sensory only - e.g., olfactory, optic
some sensory and motor - e.g., facial VII, it controls the muscles of facial
expression and also conveys sensory information into the brain from the taste
buds on the front two thirds of the tongue
some motor only - e.g., hypoglossal; responsible for almost all of the muscles
of the tongue
Cranial Nerves Answer - •12 pairs
•some sensory only - e.g., olfactory
•some sensory and motor - e.g., facial
•some motor only - e.g., hypoglossal
originate in brain stem and serve functions for sensation and motor control for
head and neck
12 pairs
some sensory only - e.g., olfactory, optic
UPDATE | WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
Which professionals can make a medical diagnosis? Answer - Medical
professionals (doctors)
Excitatory inputs to a neuron Answer - brings target neuron closer to threshold
inhibitory inputs to a neuron Answer - takes target neuron further from
threshold
frontal Answer - BRAIN LOBES AND FUNCTIONS
voluntary movement, cognition; control panel for personality and emotions;
problem solving, judgment, memory and language formulation
occipital Answer - BRAIN LOBES AND FUNCTIONS
vision; signals from the optic nerve will end up here, so that they can be further
processed into understanding and interpreting the visual world around us
temporal Answer - BRAIN LOBES AND FUNCTIONS
,hearing & memory processes; sense of hearing and processing sensory input.
Not only does this region of the brain recognize the presence of sound, but of
course it helps us understand those sounds
parietal Answer - BRAIN LOBES AND FUNCTIONS
sense of taste, touch, sensation of movement and where the body is in space
CNS Answer - BASIC NEURAL STRUCTURES
brain and spinal cord-protected by meninges-cerebrospinal fluid-blood brain
barrier
Two main structures: the brain & spinal cord
gray matter for processing signals taking place within the brain
white matter surrounds axons connecting neurons
protected by the meninges, the three protective layers that completely cover
the brain and the spinal cord; these are there to maintain a very protected and
clean environment.
Filled with cerebrospinal fluid
blood brain barrier: kind of a sieve; it will let small things through, but not the
big things
There can be some damage to this blood brain barrier, which then will permit
things to go through that shouldn't be crossing it
if a virus were to enter the brain, that would create a very serious condition
which we know of as encephalitis, or if the meninges themselves are infected,
that's meningitis
PNS Answer - BASIC NEURAL STRUCTURES
, sensory input from periphery-motor output to muscles-spinal nerves for trunk
and limbs-cranial nerves for head and neck
responsible for bringing in sensory input from the periphery
motor output to muscles in the periphery
The main components of the peripheral nervous system are the spinal nerves
and the cranial nerves
spinal nerves originate from the spinal cord, innervate for trunk and limbs
cranial nerves, originate in brain stem and serve functions for sensation and
motor control for head and neck
12 pairs
some sensory only - e.g., olfactory, optic
some sensory and motor - e.g., facial VII, it controls the muscles of facial
expression and also conveys sensory information into the brain from the taste
buds on the front two thirds of the tongue
some motor only - e.g., hypoglossal; responsible for almost all of the muscles
of the tongue
Cranial Nerves Answer - •12 pairs
•some sensory only - e.g., olfactory
•some sensory and motor - e.g., facial
•some motor only - e.g., hypoglossal
originate in brain stem and serve functions for sensation and motor control for
head and neck
12 pairs
some sensory only - e.g., olfactory, optic
