SCI 225 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY WEEK 16 FINAL
EXAM WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS 2026
◉ Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and its relation to a
decrease in helper T cells. Answer: The virus infects and kills helper
T cells, crippling the body's immune response and leaving the body
susceptible to infections and tumors that a healthy immune system
can easily control.
◉ Hodgkin's lymphoma. Answer: Marked by the presence of a type
of cell called the Reed-Sternberg cell.
◉ Hodgkin's lymphoma treatment. Answer: chemotherapy, radiation
therapy, and bone marrow or stem cell transplant.
◉ Endemic. Answer: When diseases are at low levels in a certain
population
◉ Epidemic. Answer: Unusual large number of a population in a
specific areas (flu)
◉ Pandemic. Answer: epidemic has spread to include several areas
worldwide,
,◉ Horizontal transmission. Answer: describes transmission of an
infectious disease from a reservoir to a sus- ceptible human.
◉ Direct transmission. Answer: occurs when an individual is
infected by contact with the reservoir.
◉ Vertical transmission. Answer: Other infectious diseases are
transmitted from one generation to the next, as when syphi- lis,
HIV/AIDS, or ophthalmia neonatorum (an eye infection) are
transmitted to newborns from infected mothers.
◉ Parenteral route. Answer: Punctures, injections, bites, and surgery
can allow microorganisms to be deposited directly into the tissues
below the skin. ex. Hep C anf HIV
◉ Nosocomial infections. Answer: hospital-acquired, infections are
infections acquired in a health care facility.
◉ Reservoirs. Answer: source of an infectious agent
◉ The single most important means of preventing the spread of
nosocomial infections.. Answer: Hand washing
, ◉ Viruses. Answer: Infectious particles with a core of genetic
material (either RNA or DNA) wrapped in a protein coat (capsid).
◉ Bacteria. Answer: Are microscopic, single-celled organ- isms. A
simple structure (no nucleus or membranous organelles) and small
size (1-10 μm) differentiate bacteria from other single-celled
organisms
◉ Fungi. Answer: The single-celled or multicelled organisms with
cell walls that contain a polysaccharide called chitin.
◉ Mycoses. Answer: Fungical infections
◉ Prions. Answer: Short for proteinaceous infectious particle, is an
infectious agent composed only of protein. Ex. mad cow disease
◉ Measles. Answer: highly contagious disease caused by the rubeola
virus. The rubeola virus is spread by respiratory droplets or
airborne transmission. Early signs and symptoms include fever,
cough, runny nose, and fatigue, followed by a rash that usually
begins on the head and spreads to cover the body
◉ Mumps. Answer: Caused by the paramyxovirus and is spread by
contact with respiratory secretions or saliva or through fomites.
EXAM WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS 2026
◉ Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and its relation to a
decrease in helper T cells. Answer: The virus infects and kills helper
T cells, crippling the body's immune response and leaving the body
susceptible to infections and tumors that a healthy immune system
can easily control.
◉ Hodgkin's lymphoma. Answer: Marked by the presence of a type
of cell called the Reed-Sternberg cell.
◉ Hodgkin's lymphoma treatment. Answer: chemotherapy, radiation
therapy, and bone marrow or stem cell transplant.
◉ Endemic. Answer: When diseases are at low levels in a certain
population
◉ Epidemic. Answer: Unusual large number of a population in a
specific areas (flu)
◉ Pandemic. Answer: epidemic has spread to include several areas
worldwide,
,◉ Horizontal transmission. Answer: describes transmission of an
infectious disease from a reservoir to a sus- ceptible human.
◉ Direct transmission. Answer: occurs when an individual is
infected by contact with the reservoir.
◉ Vertical transmission. Answer: Other infectious diseases are
transmitted from one generation to the next, as when syphi- lis,
HIV/AIDS, or ophthalmia neonatorum (an eye infection) are
transmitted to newborns from infected mothers.
◉ Parenteral route. Answer: Punctures, injections, bites, and surgery
can allow microorganisms to be deposited directly into the tissues
below the skin. ex. Hep C anf HIV
◉ Nosocomial infections. Answer: hospital-acquired, infections are
infections acquired in a health care facility.
◉ Reservoirs. Answer: source of an infectious agent
◉ The single most important means of preventing the spread of
nosocomial infections.. Answer: Hand washing
, ◉ Viruses. Answer: Infectious particles with a core of genetic
material (either RNA or DNA) wrapped in a protein coat (capsid).
◉ Bacteria. Answer: Are microscopic, single-celled organ- isms. A
simple structure (no nucleus or membranous organelles) and small
size (1-10 μm) differentiate bacteria from other single-celled
organisms
◉ Fungi. Answer: The single-celled or multicelled organisms with
cell walls that contain a polysaccharide called chitin.
◉ Mycoses. Answer: Fungical infections
◉ Prions. Answer: Short for proteinaceous infectious particle, is an
infectious agent composed only of protein. Ex. mad cow disease
◉ Measles. Answer: highly contagious disease caused by the rubeola
virus. The rubeola virus is spread by respiratory droplets or
airborne transmission. Early signs and symptoms include fever,
cough, runny nose, and fatigue, followed by a rash that usually
begins on the head and spreads to cover the body
◉ Mumps. Answer: Caused by the paramyxovirus and is spread by
contact with respiratory secretions or saliva or through fomites.
