Arts and Humanities English Linguistics
KPEERI Exam Study Guide 2021
KPEERI Exams Review (2025–
2026) – Updated Practice
Questions and Answer Guide
Sources of information outside of words that readers may context clues
use to predict the identities and meanings of unknown
words. These may be drawn from the immediate sentence
containing the word, from text already read, from
pictures accompanying the text, or from definitions,
restatements, examples, or descriptions in the text.
Sequences for how information is selected, sequenced, Coordinated Instructional Sequences
organized, and practiced. These occur within each
component of reading where a logical progression of
skills would be evident: easier skills are introduced
before more difficult skills, so that skills build
progressively.
A prefix or suffix added to a root or base to form another Derivational affix
word (e.g., -un in unhappy , -ness in likeness).
Planned instruction to pre-teach new, important, and Direct Vocabulary Instruction
difficult words to ensure the quantity and quality of
exposures to words that students will encounter in their
reading.
Strategies that help students engage the meanings of a During Reading Comprehension Strategies
text (e.g., asking questions at critical junctures; modeling
the thought process used to make inferences;
constructing mental imagery).
A language-based disability that affects both oral and Dyslexia
written language. It may also be referred to as reading
disability, reading difference, or reading disorder.
,A part of writing and preparing presentations concerned Editing
chiefly with improving the clarity, organization, concision,
and correctness of expression relative to task, purpose,
and audience; compared to revising, a smaller-scale
activity often associated with surface aspects of a text.
The skills, knowledge, and attitudes that are Emergent Literacy
developmental precursors to conventional forms of
reading and writing.
The ability to translate language into print (writing) is Encoding
____________.
(Remember prefix en- means "put into", you are putting sounds into print).
Reports factual information (also referred to as Expository text
informational text) and the relationships among ideas.
This type of text tends to be more difficult for students (Remember, Expository is writing that seeks to EXplain and Inform)
than narrative text because of the density of long,
difficult, and unknown words or word parts.
Language that departs from its literal meaning (e.g., The Figurative meanings
snow sparkled like diamonds; That child is a handful.).
What are the 5 components of Reading? Phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension.
Follows a prescribed format for administration and Formal Assessments
scoring. Scores obtained from these types of tests are
standardized, meaning that interpretation is based on (Remember, Formal means having a conventionally recognized form, structure, or
norms from a comparative sample of children. set of rules- standardized)
The level at which a reader reads at less than a 90% Frustrational Reading Level
accuracy
Vocabulary common to written texts but not commonly a General academic words and phrases
part of speech; in the Standards, these words and
phrases are analogous to Tier Two words and phrases are (Remember, Tier 2 isn't necessarily common in every day language Ex. analyze,
typically this... restrict, formulate.)
The ability to use a learned skill in novel situations. Generalization
A letter or letter combination that spells a single grapheme
phoneme. In English, this may be one, two, three, or four
letters, such as e, ei, igh, or eigh. (Etymology Online- graph= "letter, symbol" + eme ="unit of language structure.")
A visual framework or structure for capturing the main Graphic Organizers
points of what is being read, which may include
concepts, ideas, events, vocabulary, or generalizations.
These allow ideas in text and thinking processes to
become external by showing the interrelatedness of
ideas, thus facilitating understanding for the reader.
, The relationship between letters and phonemes. Graphophonemic
(Examples would include Recognizing alphabetic sequence while singing the
alphabet song, naming letters as well as matching upper and lowercase letters).
Instructional support including immediate corrective Guided Oral Reading
feedback as students read orally.
Students practice newly learned skills with the teacher Guided Practice
providing prompts and feedback.
Words in print containing letters that stray from the most High Frequency Irregular Words
common sound pronunciation because they do not
follow common phonic patterns (e.g., were, was, laugh, (These are "red words" or "heart words")
been).
A small group of words (300-500) that account for a High Frequency Words
large percentage of the words in print and can be regular
or irregular words (i.e., Dolch or Fry). Often, they are
referred to as "sight words" since automatic recognition
of these words is required for fluent reading.
Words that are spelled the same but have different Homograph
origins and meanings. They may or may not be
pronounced the same (e.g., can as in a metal -same spelling, different meaning and may have a different pronunciation
container/can as in able to).
"When the teacher WRITES with a pencil, she needs LEAD to LEAD instruction"
Lead= graphite
Lead=guide
The sewer dropped her needle in the sewer. Homograph
In this activity, children recognize the word in a set of Phoneme Categorization
three or four words that has the "odd" sound. (Teacher:
Which word doesn't belong? bun, bus, rug. Children: Rug
does not belong. It doesn't begin with a /b/.)
He taped a dollar bill to the bill of his cap. Homonym
Words that sound the have same name -same Homonym
pronunciation and spelling
I want to go to the movies too. Homophone
In this activity, children learn to recognize the same Phoneme Identity
sounds in different words. (Teacher: What sound is the
same in fix, fall, and fun? Children: The first sound, /f/, is
the same.)
Same sound, diff spelling (ate, eight) Homophone
KPEERI Exam Study Guide 2021
KPEERI Exams Review (2025–
2026) – Updated Practice
Questions and Answer Guide
Sources of information outside of words that readers may context clues
use to predict the identities and meanings of unknown
words. These may be drawn from the immediate sentence
containing the word, from text already read, from
pictures accompanying the text, or from definitions,
restatements, examples, or descriptions in the text.
Sequences for how information is selected, sequenced, Coordinated Instructional Sequences
organized, and practiced. These occur within each
component of reading where a logical progression of
skills would be evident: easier skills are introduced
before more difficult skills, so that skills build
progressively.
A prefix or suffix added to a root or base to form another Derivational affix
word (e.g., -un in unhappy , -ness in likeness).
Planned instruction to pre-teach new, important, and Direct Vocabulary Instruction
difficult words to ensure the quantity and quality of
exposures to words that students will encounter in their
reading.
Strategies that help students engage the meanings of a During Reading Comprehension Strategies
text (e.g., asking questions at critical junctures; modeling
the thought process used to make inferences;
constructing mental imagery).
A language-based disability that affects both oral and Dyslexia
written language. It may also be referred to as reading
disability, reading difference, or reading disorder.
,A part of writing and preparing presentations concerned Editing
chiefly with improving the clarity, organization, concision,
and correctness of expression relative to task, purpose,
and audience; compared to revising, a smaller-scale
activity often associated with surface aspects of a text.
The skills, knowledge, and attitudes that are Emergent Literacy
developmental precursors to conventional forms of
reading and writing.
The ability to translate language into print (writing) is Encoding
____________.
(Remember prefix en- means "put into", you are putting sounds into print).
Reports factual information (also referred to as Expository text
informational text) and the relationships among ideas.
This type of text tends to be more difficult for students (Remember, Expository is writing that seeks to EXplain and Inform)
than narrative text because of the density of long,
difficult, and unknown words or word parts.
Language that departs from its literal meaning (e.g., The Figurative meanings
snow sparkled like diamonds; That child is a handful.).
What are the 5 components of Reading? Phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension.
Follows a prescribed format for administration and Formal Assessments
scoring. Scores obtained from these types of tests are
standardized, meaning that interpretation is based on (Remember, Formal means having a conventionally recognized form, structure, or
norms from a comparative sample of children. set of rules- standardized)
The level at which a reader reads at less than a 90% Frustrational Reading Level
accuracy
Vocabulary common to written texts but not commonly a General academic words and phrases
part of speech; in the Standards, these words and
phrases are analogous to Tier Two words and phrases are (Remember, Tier 2 isn't necessarily common in every day language Ex. analyze,
typically this... restrict, formulate.)
The ability to use a learned skill in novel situations. Generalization
A letter or letter combination that spells a single grapheme
phoneme. In English, this may be one, two, three, or four
letters, such as e, ei, igh, or eigh. (Etymology Online- graph= "letter, symbol" + eme ="unit of language structure.")
A visual framework or structure for capturing the main Graphic Organizers
points of what is being read, which may include
concepts, ideas, events, vocabulary, or generalizations.
These allow ideas in text and thinking processes to
become external by showing the interrelatedness of
ideas, thus facilitating understanding for the reader.
, The relationship between letters and phonemes. Graphophonemic
(Examples would include Recognizing alphabetic sequence while singing the
alphabet song, naming letters as well as matching upper and lowercase letters).
Instructional support including immediate corrective Guided Oral Reading
feedback as students read orally.
Students practice newly learned skills with the teacher Guided Practice
providing prompts and feedback.
Words in print containing letters that stray from the most High Frequency Irregular Words
common sound pronunciation because they do not
follow common phonic patterns (e.g., were, was, laugh, (These are "red words" or "heart words")
been).
A small group of words (300-500) that account for a High Frequency Words
large percentage of the words in print and can be regular
or irregular words (i.e., Dolch or Fry). Often, they are
referred to as "sight words" since automatic recognition
of these words is required for fluent reading.
Words that are spelled the same but have different Homograph
origins and meanings. They may or may not be
pronounced the same (e.g., can as in a metal -same spelling, different meaning and may have a different pronunciation
container/can as in able to).
"When the teacher WRITES with a pencil, she needs LEAD to LEAD instruction"
Lead= graphite
Lead=guide
The sewer dropped her needle in the sewer. Homograph
In this activity, children recognize the word in a set of Phoneme Categorization
three or four words that has the "odd" sound. (Teacher:
Which word doesn't belong? bun, bus, rug. Children: Rug
does not belong. It doesn't begin with a /b/.)
He taped a dollar bill to the bill of his cap. Homonym
Words that sound the have same name -same Homonym
pronunciation and spelling
I want to go to the movies too. Homophone
In this activity, children learn to recognize the same Phoneme Identity
sounds in different words. (Teacher: What sound is the
same in fix, fall, and fun? Children: The first sound, /f/, is
the same.)
Same sound, diff spelling (ate, eight) Homophone
