Immunology Final Exam Questions & Answers
2026\2027 update
Which of the following is NOT apart of the Acquired Immune System? a.
Passive Immunization
b. Active Immunization
c. Physiological and Chemical Barriers
d. None of the above - C. Physiological and Chemical Barriers
What are the characteristics of the Immune Response?
a. Adaptive
b. Indiscrimination between self and none-self
c. A & B
d. A & C
e. All the above - d. A & C
Which of the following is true about antigen-presenting cells? a.
They are macrophages
b. Present antigens to T-cells
c. MHC complexes are present upon them
d. All the above
e. None of the above - d. All the above
What characteristic is true about the clonal selection theory? a.
Recognizes foreign molecules
b. Self-reactive epitopes are shut off
c. Very few antigen specificities present before antigenic contact
d. Both A & B
e. Both B & C
f. All of the above - d. Both A & B
What is true about lymphocytes?
a. B Lymphocytes secrete antibodies
b. T Lymphocytes secrete cytokines
c. There are multiple specificities per lymphocytes
d. Both A & B
e. All the above - d. Both A & B
,Antibody interactions are:
a. strong with covalent bonds
b. weak with covalent bonds
c. strong with Van der Waals forces
d. Weak with Van der Waals forces
e. Contain both weak and strong bonds - d. Weak with Van der Waals forces
Which type of T-Cell kills other cells? a.
helper
b. cytotoxic
c. DHT
d. All the above - b. cytotoxic
What are the characteristics of innate immunity? a.
Non-specific
b. Born with it
c. Body's second line of defense
d. A & B
e. B & C
f. A & C - d. A & B
Which of the following is NOT a physiological or chemical barrier to a foreign
invader?
a. Acidic pH in nostril membranes
b. Cough reflex
c. High pH in GI Tract
d. Pulmonary macrophages
e. None of the above - c. High pH in GI Tract
Which of the following are true regarding phagocytosis? a.
Opsonins are used to enhance antigen target
b. PMN's and macrophages are involved in phagocytosis
c. Defects in phagocytosis causes recurrent infections
d. All of the above - d. All of the above
The reticuloendothelial system (RES) is involved in: a.
Macrophage phagocytosis
b. Innate Immunity
,c. Elimination of aged or imperfect cells.
d. A & B
e. A & C
f. All the above - f. All the above
Which of the following is NOT true about the Nature Killer (NK) cells? a.
They are apart of the innate immune system
b. They have Killer-Excitatory Receptors (KER's), which bind to MHC I complexes
c. They kill foreign cells by lysis or apoptosis
d. They kill virus infected and tumor cells
e. None of the above - b. They have Killer-Excitatory Receptors (KER's), which
bind to MHC I complexes
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of inflammation? a.
Swelling
b. Redness
c. Pain
d. Gain of Function
e. Head - d. Gain of Function
What are the local effects of kinins? a.
Smooth muscle contraction
b. Decreased vascular permeability to all for leukocyte extravasion
c. Inhibit pain and itching
d. None of the above
e. All of the above - d. None of the above
What is the primary lymphoid organ for T-lymphocytes? a.
Thymus
b. Tonsils
c. Throat
d. Bone marrow
e. Spleen - a. Thymus
Which of the following is NOT a function of the secondary lymphoid organs? a.
Antigen-independent lymphocyte differentiation
b. Trap foreign substances
c. T-cell induction
, d. Lymphocyte differentiation
e. None of the above - a. Antigen-independent lymphocyte differentiation
What occurs in germinal centers of the spleen? a.
Terminal differentiation of B-cells
b. Terminal differentiation of T-cells
c. Major organ of cytokine production
d. A & C
e. A & B
f. All the above - a. Terminal differentiation of B-cells
An antigen is:
a. Capable of binding to lymphocytes
b. A hapten if the happen is conjugated to a carrier
c. Always an immunogen
d. A & B
e. A & C
f. B & C - d. A & B
What is the first requirement for immunogenicity? a.
Higher molecular weight
b. Complex structure
c. Foreignness
d. Not degradable
e. Present in the blood - c. Foreignness
What is the characteristic of the second immune response to the same antigen? a.
Quicker
b. Low magnitude
c. Non-memory
d. Involves the first contact with immunogen
e. Priming immunization - a. Quicker
Which of the following is true regarding comparisons between T and B cells? a.
B cells can bind soluble antigens and T-cells bind insoluble antigens
b. Different epitopes are always recognized by B and T cells
c. B and T-cells can not recognize epitopes found inside a protein molecule
d. Only T cells can response to polysaccharide derived epitopes
2026\2027 update
Which of the following is NOT apart of the Acquired Immune System? a.
Passive Immunization
b. Active Immunization
c. Physiological and Chemical Barriers
d. None of the above - C. Physiological and Chemical Barriers
What are the characteristics of the Immune Response?
a. Adaptive
b. Indiscrimination between self and none-self
c. A & B
d. A & C
e. All the above - d. A & C
Which of the following is true about antigen-presenting cells? a.
They are macrophages
b. Present antigens to T-cells
c. MHC complexes are present upon them
d. All the above
e. None of the above - d. All the above
What characteristic is true about the clonal selection theory? a.
Recognizes foreign molecules
b. Self-reactive epitopes are shut off
c. Very few antigen specificities present before antigenic contact
d. Both A & B
e. Both B & C
f. All of the above - d. Both A & B
What is true about lymphocytes?
a. B Lymphocytes secrete antibodies
b. T Lymphocytes secrete cytokines
c. There are multiple specificities per lymphocytes
d. Both A & B
e. All the above - d. Both A & B
,Antibody interactions are:
a. strong with covalent bonds
b. weak with covalent bonds
c. strong with Van der Waals forces
d. Weak with Van der Waals forces
e. Contain both weak and strong bonds - d. Weak with Van der Waals forces
Which type of T-Cell kills other cells? a.
helper
b. cytotoxic
c. DHT
d. All the above - b. cytotoxic
What are the characteristics of innate immunity? a.
Non-specific
b. Born with it
c. Body's second line of defense
d. A & B
e. B & C
f. A & C - d. A & B
Which of the following is NOT a physiological or chemical barrier to a foreign
invader?
a. Acidic pH in nostril membranes
b. Cough reflex
c. High pH in GI Tract
d. Pulmonary macrophages
e. None of the above - c. High pH in GI Tract
Which of the following are true regarding phagocytosis? a.
Opsonins are used to enhance antigen target
b. PMN's and macrophages are involved in phagocytosis
c. Defects in phagocytosis causes recurrent infections
d. All of the above - d. All of the above
The reticuloendothelial system (RES) is involved in: a.
Macrophage phagocytosis
b. Innate Immunity
,c. Elimination of aged or imperfect cells.
d. A & B
e. A & C
f. All the above - f. All the above
Which of the following is NOT true about the Nature Killer (NK) cells? a.
They are apart of the innate immune system
b. They have Killer-Excitatory Receptors (KER's), which bind to MHC I complexes
c. They kill foreign cells by lysis or apoptosis
d. They kill virus infected and tumor cells
e. None of the above - b. They have Killer-Excitatory Receptors (KER's), which
bind to MHC I complexes
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of inflammation? a.
Swelling
b. Redness
c. Pain
d. Gain of Function
e. Head - d. Gain of Function
What are the local effects of kinins? a.
Smooth muscle contraction
b. Decreased vascular permeability to all for leukocyte extravasion
c. Inhibit pain and itching
d. None of the above
e. All of the above - d. None of the above
What is the primary lymphoid organ for T-lymphocytes? a.
Thymus
b. Tonsils
c. Throat
d. Bone marrow
e. Spleen - a. Thymus
Which of the following is NOT a function of the secondary lymphoid organs? a.
Antigen-independent lymphocyte differentiation
b. Trap foreign substances
c. T-cell induction
, d. Lymphocyte differentiation
e. None of the above - a. Antigen-independent lymphocyte differentiation
What occurs in germinal centers of the spleen? a.
Terminal differentiation of B-cells
b. Terminal differentiation of T-cells
c. Major organ of cytokine production
d. A & C
e. A & B
f. All the above - a. Terminal differentiation of B-cells
An antigen is:
a. Capable of binding to lymphocytes
b. A hapten if the happen is conjugated to a carrier
c. Always an immunogen
d. A & B
e. A & C
f. B & C - d. A & B
What is the first requirement for immunogenicity? a.
Higher molecular weight
b. Complex structure
c. Foreignness
d. Not degradable
e. Present in the blood - c. Foreignness
What is the characteristic of the second immune response to the same antigen? a.
Quicker
b. Low magnitude
c. Non-memory
d. Involves the first contact with immunogen
e. Priming immunization - a. Quicker
Which of the following is true regarding comparisons between T and B cells? a.
B cells can bind soluble antigens and T-cells bind insoluble antigens
b. Different epitopes are always recognized by B and T cells
c. B and T-cells can not recognize epitopes found inside a protein molecule
d. Only T cells can response to polysaccharide derived epitopes
