Advanced Pharmacology- FNP Exam questions
and answers Graded A+
True or False: Children metabolize drugs faster than adults. - ✅✅True
which are easier to excrete: water soluble drugs or lipid soluble drugs? -
✅✅Water soluble
What are the cytochrome p450 inducers? (CRAPGPS) - ✅✅Carbamazapine
Rifampin
Alcohol
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas
and St. Johns Wort
what do CYP450 inducers do? - ✅✅increase metabolism of drug, reduces drug
level
What are some examples of schedule 1 drugs? - ✅✅heroin, LSD, marijuana
What are some examples of schedule 2 drugs? - ✅✅amphetamines, some
opioids (morphine, meperidine, codeine) dronabinol, short-acting barbiturates
,what are some examples of schedule 3 drugs? - ✅✅-Tylenol (acetaminophen)
with codeine
-Hydrocodone with acteaminophen (Vicodin, Loset, Lortab, Norco)
-Various other codeine preparations (less than or equal to 1.8%)
-Buprenorphine (Buprenex, Subutex, Suboxone)
What are some examples of schedule 4 drugs? - ✅✅Benzodiazepine
anxiolytics, muscle relaxers, and sedatives, pentazocine, ambien, klonipine
What are some examples of schedule 5 drugs? - ✅✅antidiarrheal, codeine
used as antitussives, loperamide, lyrica, robitussin
what is the first pass effect? - ✅✅drugs absorbed from the GI tract enter the
portal vein and pass through the liver before entering circulation.
decreases bioavailability
Where is drug absorption? - ✅✅GI tract or blood vessels
Where is drug distribution? - ✅✅blood vessels
Where is drug metabolism? - ✅✅liver and kidneys
Where is drug excretion? - ✅✅Kidneys and GI tract
,What are free drugs? - ✅✅drugs that are not bound to protein- exerts
pharmacologic effect
What does protein binding do to drug metabolism? - ✅✅less pharmacologic
effect in body
What patients are at risk for reduced protein binding (increasing drug
concentration)? - ✅✅malnourished
pregnant
burn patients
neonates
What is drug half-life? - ✅✅the time required for the amount of drug in the
body to decrease by 50%
What are the four factors of drug metabolism? - ✅✅Absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion
What characteristics do drugs need to have to be more readily excreted? -
✅✅ionization/charged
smaller molecular wt.
water soluble
, What is affinity? - ✅✅propensity for a drug to be found at a receptor
What is efficacy? - ✅✅the drug produces desired effect
What is potency? - ✅✅relative amount or proportion (comparison)
What is a neonates stomach pH at birth? - ✅✅6-8 (basic); better absorbs weak
bases such as ampicillin, drops after few hours
What is the route for drug metabolism? - ✅✅PO drug-- absorbed in GI tract---
portal vein-- liver--- systemic circulation
What are some drugs that are subject to first pass metabolism? -
✅✅meperidine, morphine, nitroglycerine, prazosin, propranolol
What are the effects of CYP450 enzymes? - ✅✅catalyze the chemical reactions
in which we metabolize drugs, which reduces concentration/therapeutic effects.
Hepatic enzyme inducers
What are the CYP450 inhibitors? - ✅✅Valproate
Keoconazole
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Amiodarone
and answers Graded A+
True or False: Children metabolize drugs faster than adults. - ✅✅True
which are easier to excrete: water soluble drugs or lipid soluble drugs? -
✅✅Water soluble
What are the cytochrome p450 inducers? (CRAPGPS) - ✅✅Carbamazapine
Rifampin
Alcohol
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas
and St. Johns Wort
what do CYP450 inducers do? - ✅✅increase metabolism of drug, reduces drug
level
What are some examples of schedule 1 drugs? - ✅✅heroin, LSD, marijuana
What are some examples of schedule 2 drugs? - ✅✅amphetamines, some
opioids (morphine, meperidine, codeine) dronabinol, short-acting barbiturates
,what are some examples of schedule 3 drugs? - ✅✅-Tylenol (acetaminophen)
with codeine
-Hydrocodone with acteaminophen (Vicodin, Loset, Lortab, Norco)
-Various other codeine preparations (less than or equal to 1.8%)
-Buprenorphine (Buprenex, Subutex, Suboxone)
What are some examples of schedule 4 drugs? - ✅✅Benzodiazepine
anxiolytics, muscle relaxers, and sedatives, pentazocine, ambien, klonipine
What are some examples of schedule 5 drugs? - ✅✅antidiarrheal, codeine
used as antitussives, loperamide, lyrica, robitussin
what is the first pass effect? - ✅✅drugs absorbed from the GI tract enter the
portal vein and pass through the liver before entering circulation.
decreases bioavailability
Where is drug absorption? - ✅✅GI tract or blood vessels
Where is drug distribution? - ✅✅blood vessels
Where is drug metabolism? - ✅✅liver and kidneys
Where is drug excretion? - ✅✅Kidneys and GI tract
,What are free drugs? - ✅✅drugs that are not bound to protein- exerts
pharmacologic effect
What does protein binding do to drug metabolism? - ✅✅less pharmacologic
effect in body
What patients are at risk for reduced protein binding (increasing drug
concentration)? - ✅✅malnourished
pregnant
burn patients
neonates
What is drug half-life? - ✅✅the time required for the amount of drug in the
body to decrease by 50%
What are the four factors of drug metabolism? - ✅✅Absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion
What characteristics do drugs need to have to be more readily excreted? -
✅✅ionization/charged
smaller molecular wt.
water soluble
, What is affinity? - ✅✅propensity for a drug to be found at a receptor
What is efficacy? - ✅✅the drug produces desired effect
What is potency? - ✅✅relative amount or proportion (comparison)
What is a neonates stomach pH at birth? - ✅✅6-8 (basic); better absorbs weak
bases such as ampicillin, drops after few hours
What is the route for drug metabolism? - ✅✅PO drug-- absorbed in GI tract---
portal vein-- liver--- systemic circulation
What are some drugs that are subject to first pass metabolism? -
✅✅meperidine, morphine, nitroglycerine, prazosin, propranolol
What are the effects of CYP450 enzymes? - ✅✅catalyze the chemical reactions
in which we metabolize drugs, which reduces concentration/therapeutic effects.
Hepatic enzyme inducers
What are the CYP450 inhibitors? - ✅✅Valproate
Keoconazole
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Amiodarone
