BIO 104 Chapters 53, 54, 56 – FSCC CACC Holloway Class
| Academic Year 2025-2026 – Study Notes and Revision
Material
List the three dispersal patterns seen in nature - ANS✔✔ -Random Dispersion
-Clumped Dispersion
-Uniform Dispersion
Which pattern is the least frequent - ANS✔✔ Random Dispersion
Which pattern in the most frequent - ANS✔✔ Clumped Dispersion
List four factors that often influence clumped dispersion - ANS✔✔ -Patchy distribution of
resources
-Among animals because of the presence of family groups and pairs
-In plants because of limited seed dispersal or asexual reproduction
-Social animals derive many benefits from their association
Hierarchical organization within ecology - ANS✔✔ Population,Community,Ecosystem,Biosphere
Natural selection acts most directly on? - ANS✔✔ Population
List examples of density-dependent factors that influence the size of a population - ANS✔✔ -
Predation
-Disease
-Competition
, Intraspecific Scramble Competition
Is this type of competition good?
What does it make the population susceptible to? - ANS✔✔ All the individuals in a population
share the limited resource more of less equally so that at high population densities non of them
obtains an adequate amount.
No
Population drop to zero
Biotic Factors - ANS✔✔ Living things such as animals, fungi, etc
Abiotic Factors - ANS✔✔ Nonliving things such as soil, weather, environment
Distinguish between r and k selected organisms. - ANS✔✔ R-selection, for those species that
produce many "cheap" offspring and live in unstable environments. = small organisms
K-selection, for those species that produce few "expensive" offspring and live in stable
environments. = large organisms
Define age structure - ANS✔✔ The number and proportion of people at each age in a
population
What happens to a population that has a high proportion of pre reproductive individuals? -
ANS✔✔ The probability of future population growth is great
| Academic Year 2025-2026 – Study Notes and Revision
Material
List the three dispersal patterns seen in nature - ANS✔✔ -Random Dispersion
-Clumped Dispersion
-Uniform Dispersion
Which pattern is the least frequent - ANS✔✔ Random Dispersion
Which pattern in the most frequent - ANS✔✔ Clumped Dispersion
List four factors that often influence clumped dispersion - ANS✔✔ -Patchy distribution of
resources
-Among animals because of the presence of family groups and pairs
-In plants because of limited seed dispersal or asexual reproduction
-Social animals derive many benefits from their association
Hierarchical organization within ecology - ANS✔✔ Population,Community,Ecosystem,Biosphere
Natural selection acts most directly on? - ANS✔✔ Population
List examples of density-dependent factors that influence the size of a population - ANS✔✔ -
Predation
-Disease
-Competition
, Intraspecific Scramble Competition
Is this type of competition good?
What does it make the population susceptible to? - ANS✔✔ All the individuals in a population
share the limited resource more of less equally so that at high population densities non of them
obtains an adequate amount.
No
Population drop to zero
Biotic Factors - ANS✔✔ Living things such as animals, fungi, etc
Abiotic Factors - ANS✔✔ Nonliving things such as soil, weather, environment
Distinguish between r and k selected organisms. - ANS✔✔ R-selection, for those species that
produce many "cheap" offspring and live in unstable environments. = small organisms
K-selection, for those species that produce few "expensive" offspring and live in stable
environments. = large organisms
Define age structure - ANS✔✔ The number and proportion of people at each age in a
population
What happens to a population that has a high proportion of pre reproductive individuals? -
ANS✔✔ The probability of future population growth is great
