NSG 3130 Exam 4 Updated Test Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct

NSG 3130 Exam 4 Updated Test Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct What are the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease? - ANSWER -Risk factors include modifiable factors like smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, and hypertension, as well as non-modifiable factors like age, gender, and family history. What dietary intake is needed for a patient with increased LDL and atherosclerosis? - ANSWER -A diet low in saturated fats, trans fats, and cholesterol, with an emphasis on fiber-rich foods and omega-3 fatty acids. What is venous stasis and how can it be prevented? - ANSWER -Venous stasis is the pooling of blood in the veins, often due to immobility. Prevention includes regular movement, leg elevation, and use of compression stockings. What lab results are expected when caring for a patient with a heart attack? - ANSWER -Elevated troponin levels, increased creatine kinase (CK-MB), and changes in the electrocardiogram (ECG) are expected. What is hemoglobin and what are the signs of low hemoglobin? - ANSWER Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. Signs of low hemoglobin include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and shortness of breath. How does immobility cause venous stasis, DVTs, and PEs? - ANSWER Immobility can lead to decreased blood flow, increasing the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Sequential compression devices can help prevent these conditions. What are anti-embolism stockings and how are they used? - ANSWER -Anti embolism stockings are compression garments used to promote blood flow and prevent venous stasis and DVTs. They should be fitted properly and worn as directed. What types of labs are drawn in association with cardiac issues? - ANSWER Labs may include cardiac enzymes, lipid panels, complete blood counts, and electrolyte levels. Which statement indicates a need for further teaching about modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease? - ANSWER -The statement 'My wife's age is a modifiable risk factor' indicates a need for further teaching, as age is a non modifiable risk factor. Which statement indicates a need for further teaching about homocysteine levels? - ANSWER -The statement 'Homocysteine is an enzyme that increases my cholesterol level, which increases my risk for developing heart disease' is incorrect; homocysteine is an amino acid, not an enzyme. Which statement about aging and the cardiovascular system is incorrect? - ANSWER -The statement 'An increase in baroreceptor response to blood pressure changes makes the heart and blood vessels more responsive to exercise and stress' is incorrect; there is actually a decrease in baroreceptor response. Which statement about promoting a healthy heart is incorrect? - ANSWER -The statement 'Exercise at least 20 minutes, three times per week' is incorrect; the recommendation is typically 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week. What is a sign of heart failure? - ANSWER -Pulmonary congestion and adventitious lung sounds are signs of heart failure. Which lunch option shows correct understanding for a patient with hypertension? - ANSWER -The option 'I will prepare a grilled chicken breast on a wheat bun with low fat mayonnaise, mustard, and skim milk for lunch' shows correct understanding. What are the signs and symptoms of left-sided heart failure? - ANSWER -Signs and symptoms include shortness of breath (SOB), increased heart rate, increased respiratory rate, peripheral vasoconstriction, cold and pale extremities, and distended neck veins. What medication would you give to a patient with left-sided heart failure? - ANSWER -Common medications include diuretics to reduce fluid overload, ACE inhibitors, and beta-blockers. What medications are given for fluid overload? - ANSWER -Diuretics, such as furosemide (Lasix), are commonly used to manage fluid overload. What are common cardiac diagnostic tests? - ANSWER -Common tests include electrocardiograms (ECG), echocardiograms, stress tests, and cardiac catheterization. How can a patient promote a healthy heart through diet? - ANSWER -A heart healthy diet includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy while reducing saturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol, and sodium. What are the signs and symptoms of pulmonary edema? - ANSWER -Signs and symptoms include difficulty breathing, a feeling of suffocation, cough with frothy sputum, and rapid weight gain due to fluid retention. What steps should be taken if a cardiac monitor shows an arrhythmia? - ANSWER -Assess the patient, check vital signs, notify the healthcare provider, and prepare for potential interventions such as medication or defibrillation. What foods are heart-healthy for a patient with hypertension? - ANSWER Recommended foods include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy products, while avoiding high-sodium and high-fat foods. How should a cardiac patient be monitored while ambulating? - ANSWER Monitor vital signs, observe for signs of distress, and ensure the patient has assistance if needed.