RNSG 2432, Exam 4: Module 14 - Liver & Lab 3 - Blood Admin.|Comprehensive Hepatic Pathophysiology and Clinical Nursing Management Exam: Advanced Liver Anatomy and Physiology, Hepatic Metabolic Functions, Portal Venous Circulation, Cirrhosis Pathogenesis,

RNSG 2432, Exam 4: Module 14 - Liver & Lab 3 - Blood Admin.|Comprehensive Hepatic Pathophysiology and Clinical Nursing Management Exam: Advanced Liver Anatomy and Physiology, Hepatic Metabolic Functions, Portal Venous Circulation, Cirrhosis Pathogenesis, Alcoholic Liver Disease, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Viral Hepatitis Transmission and Prevention, Hepatocellular Injury Biomarkers, Hyperbilirubinemia and Jaundice Manifestations, Hepatic Encephalopathy Ammonia Toxicity, Portal Hypertension Complications, Ascites Fluid Dynamics, Esophageal Varices Hemorrhage Risk, Hypoalbuminemia and Third Spacing, Coagulation Factor Deficiency, Liver Biopsy Diagnostic Evaluation, Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Therapy, Paracentesis Fluid Removal Procedure Exam Questions Verified and Provided with Complete A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026 Liver - A and P Review Largest organ-weighs 3 lbs End stage liver disease- weighs less than 1kg The liver is essential for life!! Blood Supply - 2 sources Hepatic artery: ◦ 500ml/min of oxygenated blood. ◦30% of Cardiac output goes to the liver- (R side HF can back up) Portal vein – 1000ml/min ◦partly oxygenated blood supplies 50 - 60% O2 plus rich supply of nutrients, toxins, drugs ◦ from stomach, small and large intestines, pancreas and spleen into inferior vena cava Metabolic Functions of the liver •Like a garbage disposal- Keep good in and get rid of garbage. In diseased liver, garbage backs up. •"Body's Refinery" Over 400 functions •Primary role in anabolism and catabolism •Can't use our food without a healthy liver. Metabolic Functions of the Liver(Over 400 functions) To Summarize The liver: ◦changes food into energy ◦removes alcohol and poisons from the blood ◦makes bile, a yellowish-green liquid that helps with digestion ◦makes albumin- affects osmotic pressure and 3rd spacing ◦Changes ammonia to water soluble form to be excreted through urine controls bleeding Cirrhosis- “Scarosis ”What is Cirrhosis?” S/S of Cirrhosis of the liver Tremors Hepatic Foeter Eye and skin yellow Loss of appetite Increased bilirubin/ Ammonia Varices Edema Reduced platelets and WBC- bleeding and infection Itchy skin- pruritis Spider angiomas Splenamegaly, stool clay colored Confusion/ Coma Ascites Redness on palms- palmer erythema Renal failure Encephalopathy Detox Patho Of Cirrhosis Caused by destruction of liver cells (necrosis), fibrosis and nodule formation restricting blood and bile flow resulting in significant impairment of liver function 80% destroyed before signs and symptoms Liver can regenerate itself if good nutrition and no alcohol Types- Classified by risk factors Post Necrotic Follows massive necrosis -- destruction of lobes and lobules-- Viral infections, hepatitis, exposure to toxins Alcoholic Cirrhosis and NAFLD: Usually associated with alcohol abuse Most common cause of cirrhosis Causes metabolic changes in liver ◦fat accumulates in liver (fatty liver) Fatty liver potentially reversible ◦How? if stop drinking & use good nutrition If alcohol abuse continues, widespread liver scar formation occurs (NAFLD)- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease * NAFL *NASH- can lead to cirrhosis obesity DM Biliary causes of liver failure Obstruction of bile flow from outside the liver Retained bile damages and destroys liver cells Cardiac cirrhosis