Psu Bio 110 Exam 2 Questions With Correct Answers Latest Update 2026

PSU BIO 110 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026 phospholipid bilayer - Answers What are membrane bound organelles seperated by? Nucleus - Answers provides genetic information Nuclear envelope - Answers double membrane surrounding nucleus Nucleolus - Answers genes that are encoded/transcribed with RNA Nuclear pore - Answers How does mRNA leave the nucleus? Smooth ER - Answers synthesize lipids degrade toxins Rough ER - Answers houses ribosomes Translation complex rough ER - Answers 1. protein N-terminus 2. SRP binds polypeptide SRP and sends to Rough ER 3. Polypeptide inserted into Rough ER Golgi Body - Answers Process proteins Glycosylation - Answers How are carbs added to protein? Protein export - Answers 1. vesicle docks protein 2. primed for fusion 3. fuse with membrane and release content Microfilaments - Answers smallest filaments made of actin beads on string facilitate cellular migration and contract muscles cell digestion phagocytosis Intermediate filaments - Answers thick, cable support structure and anchor organelles static Microtubules - Answers largest hollow tubes with tubulin rows important in mitosis Lysosomes - Answers break down material within cell vesicles off plasma membrane fuse with these Hydrolytic enzymes - Answers synthesized in inactive site become activated in lysosome Vacuoles - Answers storage of proteins and lipids holds pigments in plants Mitochondria - Answers convert food energy to ATP have a double membrane (smooth outer, folded inner) circular DNA used to be bacteria maternally inherited lots in brain and muscles Protists - Answers single celled organisms most of time autotrophic and heterotrophic water and land paraphyletic Paraphyletic - Answers common ancestor but doesnt include all groups Pelmxya - Answers No ER, No Golgi, No mitochondria depends on bacteria in cytoplasm Diplomonads - Answers mitosomes that lack electron transport cant perform cell respiration get energy from pathways flagellum anaerobic parasites Giardia - Answers diplomonads intestinal parasite causing beaver fever contaminated water attaches to intestinal lining Parabasalids - Answers anaerobes lacking mitochondria energy by hydrogenosome HAVE golgi flagellum live in animal guts and sexually trans. parasite Euglenozoa - Answers monophyletic heterotrophs and autotrophs Monophyletic - Answers common ancestor but not shared groups Euglenoids - Answers euglenozoa euglena and relatives Kinetoplastids - Answers euglenozoa trypanosoma and relatives Kinetoplast symbiotic and pathogenic ex. African Sleeping Disease Kinetoplast - Answers stores extra DNA Alveolata - Answers build coral reefs cause malaria poison fish during red tide monophyletic alveoli dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, cilates Alveoli - Answers small cavaties in membrane Dinoflagellates - Answers alveolata distinct shapes due to cellulose frames ridges with perpendicular grooves and flagella on surface flagella rotate forward photosynthetic-photoplankton zooxanthellae- live in coral tissue exoskeleton secretes calcium carbonate Apicomplexan - Answers alveolata parasites in animals apical complex ex. malaria Apical complex - Answers cluster of organelles in apex of cell in infectious stage facilitate host penetration Stramenopila - Answers monophyletic planktonic diatoms freshwater marine seaweed water molds Bacillariophyta - Answers glass like silica shell that allows gas exchange pesticide Chrysophyta - Answers plantonic freshwater primarily uses pseudopodia to prey water molds(onmycetes) Pseudopodia - Answers cytoplasmic feet Phaeophyta - Answers brown algae largest minerals thallus-body stipe-stem holdfast-seaweed to substrate Rhodophyta - Answers marine algae