TEST BANK – BROCK BIOLOGY OF
MICROORGANISMS, 16TH EDITION BY MICHAEL T.
MADIGAN
Microorganism
are organisms that are too small to see with the unaided eye
examples of microorganisms
bacteria
fungi
protozoa
microscopic algae
viruses
what kind of microscope do you use when you are working with microorganisms you can't see?
bright field microscope
what are the different magnifications of a bright field microscope
4x
10x
40x
100x
what is the kind of microscope that you use when looking at a virus
electron microscope
what are the different magnifications of the electron microscope
1 mil
2 mil
10 mil
How are microbes helpful
decompose organic waste
generate O2
produce chemical products such as ethanol and others
produce fermented foods ex: vinegar, cheese, and bread
produce products used in manufacturing ex: cellulose and insulin
How many microbes are pathogenic out of all the microorganisms
70/10 mil
what knowledge do microbes give humans
,TEST BANK – BROCK BIOLOGY OF
MICROORGANISMS, 16TH EDITION BY MICHAEL T.
MADIGAN
prevent diseases
allow food storage and prevent food spoilages
stop transmission of diseases
Microbiology
the study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye
microbial ecology
the study of the relationship between microorganisms and their environment
competitive exclusion
a way to kill the bad bacteria
- change in the pH
- secrete enzymes
- eat the food
bioremediation
using microbes to clean up pollutants
Bacillus thuringienisis
can kill insects but doesn't harm plants or animals
Order of the Scientific Method
observe
hypothesis
prediction
experiment
consistency
theory
law
Mycology
study of fungi
bacteriology
study of bacteria
virology
study of viruses
, TEST BANK – BROCK BIOLOGY OF
MICROORGANISMS, 16TH EDITION BY MICHAEL T.
MADIGAN
algology
study of algae
protozoology
study of protozoa
Robert Hooke
• All living organisms are composed of little boxes or "cells"
• -came up with cell theory - that all microorganisms are made up of cells
-marked the beginning of the cell theory
Anton van Leeuwenhook
• 1st cells observed under the microscope
also made the original electron microscope : 10 mil X
Rebecca Lancefield
• came up with the system that help classifying different microorganisms
• it was all based on different polysaccharides in the cell wall
also helped discover Streptococcus pyognes - which is basically strep and we know this because pyognes
is a pus forming microorganism
Joseph Lister
• discovered phenol: was used to stop surgical would infections
• usually in hospitals : Staphylococcus aures aka staph infection
at least 20% of population is a carrier for the staph infection and they carry it in their noses
Louis Pasteur
• father of microbiology and is the most important scientist in microbiology
• showed that microbes are responsible for fermentation
• Fermentation: conversion of sugar to alcohol in the absence of air
• Discovered that pasteurization was something that could stop food spoilage
• Pasteurization: the application of a high heat for a short time to kill harmful bacteria in beverages
How was he lucky in his discovery of pasteurization?—there we're no endospores and that would should
have been detected during the search for spontaneous generation but it didn't
Robert Koch
Proved that bacterium causes anthrax and provided the experimental steps of Koch's Postulate
Edward Jenner
MICROORGANISMS, 16TH EDITION BY MICHAEL T.
MADIGAN
Microorganism
are organisms that are too small to see with the unaided eye
examples of microorganisms
bacteria
fungi
protozoa
microscopic algae
viruses
what kind of microscope do you use when you are working with microorganisms you can't see?
bright field microscope
what are the different magnifications of a bright field microscope
4x
10x
40x
100x
what is the kind of microscope that you use when looking at a virus
electron microscope
what are the different magnifications of the electron microscope
1 mil
2 mil
10 mil
How are microbes helpful
decompose organic waste
generate O2
produce chemical products such as ethanol and others
produce fermented foods ex: vinegar, cheese, and bread
produce products used in manufacturing ex: cellulose and insulin
How many microbes are pathogenic out of all the microorganisms
70/10 mil
what knowledge do microbes give humans
,TEST BANK – BROCK BIOLOGY OF
MICROORGANISMS, 16TH EDITION BY MICHAEL T.
MADIGAN
prevent diseases
allow food storage and prevent food spoilages
stop transmission of diseases
Microbiology
the study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye
microbial ecology
the study of the relationship between microorganisms and their environment
competitive exclusion
a way to kill the bad bacteria
- change in the pH
- secrete enzymes
- eat the food
bioremediation
using microbes to clean up pollutants
Bacillus thuringienisis
can kill insects but doesn't harm plants or animals
Order of the Scientific Method
observe
hypothesis
prediction
experiment
consistency
theory
law
Mycology
study of fungi
bacteriology
study of bacteria
virology
study of viruses
, TEST BANK – BROCK BIOLOGY OF
MICROORGANISMS, 16TH EDITION BY MICHAEL T.
MADIGAN
algology
study of algae
protozoology
study of protozoa
Robert Hooke
• All living organisms are composed of little boxes or "cells"
• -came up with cell theory - that all microorganisms are made up of cells
-marked the beginning of the cell theory
Anton van Leeuwenhook
• 1st cells observed under the microscope
also made the original electron microscope : 10 mil X
Rebecca Lancefield
• came up with the system that help classifying different microorganisms
• it was all based on different polysaccharides in the cell wall
also helped discover Streptococcus pyognes - which is basically strep and we know this because pyognes
is a pus forming microorganism
Joseph Lister
• discovered phenol: was used to stop surgical would infections
• usually in hospitals : Staphylococcus aures aka staph infection
at least 20% of population is a carrier for the staph infection and they carry it in their noses
Louis Pasteur
• father of microbiology and is the most important scientist in microbiology
• showed that microbes are responsible for fermentation
• Fermentation: conversion of sugar to alcohol in the absence of air
• Discovered that pasteurization was something that could stop food spoilage
• Pasteurization: the application of a high heat for a short time to kill harmful bacteria in beverages
How was he lucky in his discovery of pasteurization?—there we're no endospores and that would should
have been detected during the search for spontaneous generation but it didn't
Robert Koch
Proved that bacterium causes anthrax and provided the experimental steps of Koch's Postulate
Edward Jenner
