COMPLETE TEST BANK FOR ROBBINS & COTRAN PATHOLOGIC BASIS
OF DISEASE (ROBBINS PATHOLOGY) 10TH EDITION
BY ABUL K. ABBAS MBBS (AUTHOR), VINAY KUMAR MBBS MD FRCPATH
(AUTHOR), JON C. ASTER MD PHD (AUTHOR) Questions & Answers with
rationales (Chapter 1- 29)
, TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 01: THE CELL AS A UNIT OF HEALTH AND DISEASE ........................................................................... 3
CHAPTER 02: CELL INJURY, CELL DEATH, AND ADAPTATIONS ........................................................................ 7
CHAPTER 03: INFLAMMATION AND REPAIR ............................................................................................................ 12
CHAPTER 04: HEMODYNAMIC DISORDERS, THROMBOEMBOLIC DISEASE, AND SHOCK ....................... 17
CHAPTER 05: GENETIC DISORDERS ............................................................................................................................ 23
CHAPTER 06: DISEASES OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM ............................................................................................... 26
CHAPTER 07: NEOPLASIA ............................................................................................................................................... 55
CHAPTER 08: INFECTIOUS DISEASES ......................................................................................................................... 61
CHAPTER 09: ENVIRONMENTAL AND NUTRITIONAL DISEASES ....................................................................... 66
CHAPTER 10: DISEASES OF INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD...................................................................................... 69
CHAPTER 11: BLOOD VESSELS ...................................................................................................................................... 72
CHAPTER 12: THE HEART ............................................................................................................................................... 74
CHAPTER 13: DISEASES OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS, LYMPH NODES, SPLEEN, AND THYMUS .................. 81
CHAPTER 14: RED BLOOD CELL AND BLEEDING DISORDERS ......................................................................... 106
CHAPTER 15: THE LUNG................................................................................................................................................ 110
CHAPTER 16: HEAD AND NECK ................................................................................................................................... 117
CHAPTER 17: THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT ................................................................................................... 134
CHAPTER 18: LIVER AND GALLBLADDER............................................................................................................... 141
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 145
CHAPTER 19: THE PANCREAS ..................................................................................................................................... 181
CHAPTER 20: THE KIDNEY ........................................................................................................................................... 193
CHAPTER 21: THE LOWER URINARY TRACT AND MALE GENITAL SYSTEM .............................................. 233
CHAPTER 22: THE FEMALE GENITAL TRACT ........................................................................................................ 248
CHAPTER 23: THE BREAST ........................................................................................................................................... 277
CHAPTER 24: THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ................................................................................................................. 294
CHAPTER 25: THE SKIN ................................................................................................................................................. 316
CHAPTER 26: BONES, JOINTS, AND SOFT TISSUE TUMORS ............................................................................... 329
CHAPTER 27: PERIPHERAL NERVES AND SKELETAL MUSCLES ..................................................................... 360
CHAPTER 28: THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM .................................................................................................. 368
CHAPTER 29: THE EYE ................................................................................................................................................... 405
,ROBBINS AND COTRAN PATHOLOGIC BASIS OF DISEASE 10TH EDITION KUMAR
CHAPTER 01: THE CELL AS A UNIT OF HEALTH AND DISEASE
MULTIPLE CHOICE
WHICH STATEMENT REGARDING THE SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP IS CORRECT?
A. THE CELL'S PLASMA MEMBRANE IS MORE SOLUBLE TO SODIUM IONS THAN POTASSIUM IONS.
B. THE CONCENTRATION OF SODIUM IONS SHOULD BE HIGHER INSIDE THE CELL COMPARTMENT.
C. THE CONCENTRATION OF POTASSIUM IONS SHOULD BE HIGHER OUTSIDE THE CELL COMPARTMENT.
D. THE ACTIVE TRANSPORT INVOLVES PUMPING OUT THREE SODIUM IONS AND PUMPING IN TWO
POTASSIUM IONS.
CORRECT ANS>> D. THE ACTIVE TRANSPORT INVOLVES PUMPING OUT THREE SODIUM IONS AND
PUMPING IN TWO POTASSIUM IONS.
IN ACTIVE TRANSPORT, FOR EVERY THREE SODIUM IONS PUMPED OUT, TWO POTASSIUM IONS ARE
PUMPED IN.
IN THE ABSENCE OF OXYGEN, WHICH CELLULAR FUNCTION CREATES THE SAME AMOUNT OF ENERGY
AS IS CREATED IN THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN?
A. DISSIPATION OF PYRUVIC ACID
B. INITIATION OF THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE
C. ACTIVATION OF ACETYL-COENZYME A
D. CREATION OF ACIDOSIS VIA LACTIC ACID
CORRECT ANS>> B. INITIATION OF THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE
IN THE ABSENCE OF OXYGEN, PYRETIC ACID IS CONVERTED INTO ACETYL-COENZYME A, WHICH
TRIGGERS A SERIES OF REACTIONS KNOWN AS THE KREBS CYCLE, ALSO CALLED THE CITRIC ACID
CYCLE.
HOW MANY ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATES (ATPS) ARE PRODUCED IN AEROBIC ENERGY METABOLISM?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 34
D. 53
CORRECT ANS>> C. 34
THE PROCESS OF AEROBIC ENERGY REQUIRES OXYGEN AND PROVIDES THE MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF
ENERGY FOR CELLULAR FUNCTION. THE PROCESS YIELDS 34 ATPS.
WHICH CELL ORGANELLES DIFFER IN THEIR NUMBER ACCORDING TO THE CELL'S ENERGY NEEDS?
A. RIBOSOMES
B. MITOCHONDRIA
C. RIBONUCLEIC ACIDS
D. DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACIDS
CORRECT ANS>> B. MITOCHONDRIA
CELL TYPES DIFFER IN THEIR NUMBER OF MITOCHONDRIA ACCORDING TO THEIR ENERGY NEEDS. FOR
EXAMPLE, MUSCLE CELLS HAVE ABUNDANT MITOCHONDRIA BECAUSE THEY REQUIRE A HIGH
AMOUNT OF ENERGY TO FUNCTION, WHEREAS BONE CELLS HAVE FEWER MITOCHONDRIA.
WHICH OPTION BEST SUPPORTS THE REASON MORE ENERGY IS PRODUCED WHEN A PERSON IS
EXERCISING?
A. EXERCISE CAUSES AN INCREASE IN THE SYNTHESIS OF PROTEIN.
B. THERE IS AN INCREASE IN THE PRODUCTION OF PYRUVIC ACID IN THE CELLS.
, C. THE CONVERSION OF PYRUVIC ACID TO LACTIC ACID IS INCREASED BY EXERCISE.
D. MUSCLE CELLS HAVE MORE MITOCHONDRIA TO MEET ENERGY DEMANDS.
CORRECT ANS>> D. MUSCLE CELLS HAVE MORE MITOCHONDRIA TO MEET ENERGY DEMANDS.
EXERCISE STIMULATES MITOCHONDRIA FOUND IN THE MUSCLE CELLS TO CREATE ENERGY. THIS
PROCESS IS SUPPORTED BY THE INCREASED NUMBER OF MITOCHONDRIA FOUND IN MUSCLE CELLS.
WHEN DOES RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS CEASE?
A. DURING ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS
B. DURING THE SYNTHESIS OF ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP)
C. DURING A SEVERE HYPOXIC STATE
D. DURING THE PROCESSING OF PROHORMONE
CORRECT ANS>> C. DURING A SEVERE HYPOXIC STATE
WHEN THE CELLS ARE DEPRIVED OF ADEQUATE OXYGEN SUPPLY, THE RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN
SYNTHESIS CEASES.
WHICH CELLULAR ORGANELLES ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR PROPELLING MUCUS AND INHALED DEBRIS
OUT OF THE LUNGS?
A. CILIA
B. MICROFILAMENTS
C. SECRETORY VESICLES
D. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULA
CORRECT ANS>> A. CILIA
WHICH ARE THE KEY PROTEINS IN THE CONTRACTILE UNITS OF THE MUSCLE CELLS?
A. ACTIN AND MYOSIN
B. PROHORMONE AND TUBULIN
C. TUBULIN AND ACTIN
D. MYOSIN AND PROHORMONE
CORRECT ANS>> A. ACTIN AND MYOSIN
WHICH DEFICIENCY CAUSES TAY-SACHS DISEASE?
A. PROTEASOME
B. PEROXISOME
C. MACROPHAGE
D. LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES
CORRECT ANS>> D. LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES
LYSOSOMES CONTAIN DIGESTIVE ENZYMES SUCH AS LYSOZYME, PROTEASES, AND LIPASES TO
DEGRADE THE INGESTED FOREIGN SUBSTANCES AND CELLULAR DEBRIS. TAY-SACHS DISEASE IS A
RARE GENETIC DISORDER THAT IS CAUSED BY THE DEFICIENCY OF LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES. IT
RESULTS BECAUSE OF THE BUILDUP OF LIPIDS IN THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD.
WHICH IS A CHARACTERISTIC OF ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY?
A. ACCUMULATION OF GANGLIOSIDE
B. CESSATION OF RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
C. ACCELERATION OF CELLULAR PROTEASOME ACTIVITY
D. ACCUMULATION OF LONG-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
CORRECT ANS>> D. ACCUMULATION OF LONG-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY IS ASSOCIATED WITH DYSFUNCTION OF THE PEROXISOMES. THE DISEASE
IS CHARACTERIZED BY THE ACCUMULATION OF LONG-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.
THE DISEASE CAUSES THE DETERIORATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND EVENTUALLY LEADS TO
DEATH.
OF DISEASE (ROBBINS PATHOLOGY) 10TH EDITION
BY ABUL K. ABBAS MBBS (AUTHOR), VINAY KUMAR MBBS MD FRCPATH
(AUTHOR), JON C. ASTER MD PHD (AUTHOR) Questions & Answers with
rationales (Chapter 1- 29)
, TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 01: THE CELL AS A UNIT OF HEALTH AND DISEASE ........................................................................... 3
CHAPTER 02: CELL INJURY, CELL DEATH, AND ADAPTATIONS ........................................................................ 7
CHAPTER 03: INFLAMMATION AND REPAIR ............................................................................................................ 12
CHAPTER 04: HEMODYNAMIC DISORDERS, THROMBOEMBOLIC DISEASE, AND SHOCK ....................... 17
CHAPTER 05: GENETIC DISORDERS ............................................................................................................................ 23
CHAPTER 06: DISEASES OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM ............................................................................................... 26
CHAPTER 07: NEOPLASIA ............................................................................................................................................... 55
CHAPTER 08: INFECTIOUS DISEASES ......................................................................................................................... 61
CHAPTER 09: ENVIRONMENTAL AND NUTRITIONAL DISEASES ....................................................................... 66
CHAPTER 10: DISEASES OF INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD...................................................................................... 69
CHAPTER 11: BLOOD VESSELS ...................................................................................................................................... 72
CHAPTER 12: THE HEART ............................................................................................................................................... 74
CHAPTER 13: DISEASES OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS, LYMPH NODES, SPLEEN, AND THYMUS .................. 81
CHAPTER 14: RED BLOOD CELL AND BLEEDING DISORDERS ......................................................................... 106
CHAPTER 15: THE LUNG................................................................................................................................................ 110
CHAPTER 16: HEAD AND NECK ................................................................................................................................... 117
CHAPTER 17: THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT ................................................................................................... 134
CHAPTER 18: LIVER AND GALLBLADDER............................................................................................................... 141
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 145
CHAPTER 19: THE PANCREAS ..................................................................................................................................... 181
CHAPTER 20: THE KIDNEY ........................................................................................................................................... 193
CHAPTER 21: THE LOWER URINARY TRACT AND MALE GENITAL SYSTEM .............................................. 233
CHAPTER 22: THE FEMALE GENITAL TRACT ........................................................................................................ 248
CHAPTER 23: THE BREAST ........................................................................................................................................... 277
CHAPTER 24: THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ................................................................................................................. 294
CHAPTER 25: THE SKIN ................................................................................................................................................. 316
CHAPTER 26: BONES, JOINTS, AND SOFT TISSUE TUMORS ............................................................................... 329
CHAPTER 27: PERIPHERAL NERVES AND SKELETAL MUSCLES ..................................................................... 360
CHAPTER 28: THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM .................................................................................................. 368
CHAPTER 29: THE EYE ................................................................................................................................................... 405
,ROBBINS AND COTRAN PATHOLOGIC BASIS OF DISEASE 10TH EDITION KUMAR
CHAPTER 01: THE CELL AS A UNIT OF HEALTH AND DISEASE
MULTIPLE CHOICE
WHICH STATEMENT REGARDING THE SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP IS CORRECT?
A. THE CELL'S PLASMA MEMBRANE IS MORE SOLUBLE TO SODIUM IONS THAN POTASSIUM IONS.
B. THE CONCENTRATION OF SODIUM IONS SHOULD BE HIGHER INSIDE THE CELL COMPARTMENT.
C. THE CONCENTRATION OF POTASSIUM IONS SHOULD BE HIGHER OUTSIDE THE CELL COMPARTMENT.
D. THE ACTIVE TRANSPORT INVOLVES PUMPING OUT THREE SODIUM IONS AND PUMPING IN TWO
POTASSIUM IONS.
CORRECT ANS>> D. THE ACTIVE TRANSPORT INVOLVES PUMPING OUT THREE SODIUM IONS AND
PUMPING IN TWO POTASSIUM IONS.
IN ACTIVE TRANSPORT, FOR EVERY THREE SODIUM IONS PUMPED OUT, TWO POTASSIUM IONS ARE
PUMPED IN.
IN THE ABSENCE OF OXYGEN, WHICH CELLULAR FUNCTION CREATES THE SAME AMOUNT OF ENERGY
AS IS CREATED IN THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN?
A. DISSIPATION OF PYRUVIC ACID
B. INITIATION OF THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE
C. ACTIVATION OF ACETYL-COENZYME A
D. CREATION OF ACIDOSIS VIA LACTIC ACID
CORRECT ANS>> B. INITIATION OF THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE
IN THE ABSENCE OF OXYGEN, PYRETIC ACID IS CONVERTED INTO ACETYL-COENZYME A, WHICH
TRIGGERS A SERIES OF REACTIONS KNOWN AS THE KREBS CYCLE, ALSO CALLED THE CITRIC ACID
CYCLE.
HOW MANY ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATES (ATPS) ARE PRODUCED IN AEROBIC ENERGY METABOLISM?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 34
D. 53
CORRECT ANS>> C. 34
THE PROCESS OF AEROBIC ENERGY REQUIRES OXYGEN AND PROVIDES THE MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF
ENERGY FOR CELLULAR FUNCTION. THE PROCESS YIELDS 34 ATPS.
WHICH CELL ORGANELLES DIFFER IN THEIR NUMBER ACCORDING TO THE CELL'S ENERGY NEEDS?
A. RIBOSOMES
B. MITOCHONDRIA
C. RIBONUCLEIC ACIDS
D. DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACIDS
CORRECT ANS>> B. MITOCHONDRIA
CELL TYPES DIFFER IN THEIR NUMBER OF MITOCHONDRIA ACCORDING TO THEIR ENERGY NEEDS. FOR
EXAMPLE, MUSCLE CELLS HAVE ABUNDANT MITOCHONDRIA BECAUSE THEY REQUIRE A HIGH
AMOUNT OF ENERGY TO FUNCTION, WHEREAS BONE CELLS HAVE FEWER MITOCHONDRIA.
WHICH OPTION BEST SUPPORTS THE REASON MORE ENERGY IS PRODUCED WHEN A PERSON IS
EXERCISING?
A. EXERCISE CAUSES AN INCREASE IN THE SYNTHESIS OF PROTEIN.
B. THERE IS AN INCREASE IN THE PRODUCTION OF PYRUVIC ACID IN THE CELLS.
, C. THE CONVERSION OF PYRUVIC ACID TO LACTIC ACID IS INCREASED BY EXERCISE.
D. MUSCLE CELLS HAVE MORE MITOCHONDRIA TO MEET ENERGY DEMANDS.
CORRECT ANS>> D. MUSCLE CELLS HAVE MORE MITOCHONDRIA TO MEET ENERGY DEMANDS.
EXERCISE STIMULATES MITOCHONDRIA FOUND IN THE MUSCLE CELLS TO CREATE ENERGY. THIS
PROCESS IS SUPPORTED BY THE INCREASED NUMBER OF MITOCHONDRIA FOUND IN MUSCLE CELLS.
WHEN DOES RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS CEASE?
A. DURING ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS
B. DURING THE SYNTHESIS OF ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP)
C. DURING A SEVERE HYPOXIC STATE
D. DURING THE PROCESSING OF PROHORMONE
CORRECT ANS>> C. DURING A SEVERE HYPOXIC STATE
WHEN THE CELLS ARE DEPRIVED OF ADEQUATE OXYGEN SUPPLY, THE RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN
SYNTHESIS CEASES.
WHICH CELLULAR ORGANELLES ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR PROPELLING MUCUS AND INHALED DEBRIS
OUT OF THE LUNGS?
A. CILIA
B. MICROFILAMENTS
C. SECRETORY VESICLES
D. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULA
CORRECT ANS>> A. CILIA
WHICH ARE THE KEY PROTEINS IN THE CONTRACTILE UNITS OF THE MUSCLE CELLS?
A. ACTIN AND MYOSIN
B. PROHORMONE AND TUBULIN
C. TUBULIN AND ACTIN
D. MYOSIN AND PROHORMONE
CORRECT ANS>> A. ACTIN AND MYOSIN
WHICH DEFICIENCY CAUSES TAY-SACHS DISEASE?
A. PROTEASOME
B. PEROXISOME
C. MACROPHAGE
D. LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES
CORRECT ANS>> D. LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES
LYSOSOMES CONTAIN DIGESTIVE ENZYMES SUCH AS LYSOZYME, PROTEASES, AND LIPASES TO
DEGRADE THE INGESTED FOREIGN SUBSTANCES AND CELLULAR DEBRIS. TAY-SACHS DISEASE IS A
RARE GENETIC DISORDER THAT IS CAUSED BY THE DEFICIENCY OF LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES. IT
RESULTS BECAUSE OF THE BUILDUP OF LIPIDS IN THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD.
WHICH IS A CHARACTERISTIC OF ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY?
A. ACCUMULATION OF GANGLIOSIDE
B. CESSATION OF RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
C. ACCELERATION OF CELLULAR PROTEASOME ACTIVITY
D. ACCUMULATION OF LONG-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
CORRECT ANS>> D. ACCUMULATION OF LONG-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY IS ASSOCIATED WITH DYSFUNCTION OF THE PEROXISOMES. THE DISEASE
IS CHARACTERIZED BY THE ACCUMULATION OF LONG-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.
THE DISEASE CAUSES THE DETERIORATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND EVENTUALLY LEADS TO
DEATH.
