PERIOP 101 FINAL EXAM COMPREHENSIVE
STUDY GUIDE 2026 VERIFIED ANSWERS
◉ Clinical signs of a gas embolism include. Answer: • Dyspnea
• Systemic hypotension
• Cardiac anomalies
• Hypoxemia
• End-tidal CO2 changes
◉ Intra-abdominal gas embolism is a rare but potentially serious
complication of insufflation because i. Answer: • Gas increases
abdominal pressures.
• Open blood vessels allow the gas to enter the circulatory system.
• The gas embolism enters the vascular system.
• The embolism travels to the right ventricle or pulmonary artery.
◉ Gas cylinder safety include:. Answer: • Verify that the correct gas
is being used by checking the cylinder's label, connector, and color
coding.
• Make sure there is enough gas in the cylinder.
• Check that the key can open the cylinder.
• Ensure that the cylinder is opened before use.
,• Have a second, full cylinder of the same gas being used
immediately available.
◉ Fluids can be used to create a surgical working space either by
gravity or pump infusion. The fluid selected is based on the:.
Answer: • Surgical procedure
• Patient assessment
• Instruments used during the surgical procedure
◉ Low viscosity non-electrolyte fluid is used for:. Answer: •
Gynecological and urological procedures
• Used with monopolar instruments
• Hypotonic
• Can cause transurethral resection syndrome if large quantities are
absorbed
◉ Examples of Low viscosity non-electrolyte fluids include:. Answer:
o 1.5%glycine
o 5% mannitol
o 3% sorbitol
◉ Normal saline is used:. Answer: • bipolar instruments
• Isotonic
,• Contains electrolytes
• Safer than non-electrolyte fluids if large amounts are absorbed
◉ High-viscosity fluid used as:. Answer: • Plasma volume expander
• Can draw six times its own volume into the bloodstream
• Has a high glucose content
◉ High-viscosity fluid can cause significant complications such as:.
Answer: o Fluid overload
o Heart failure
o Pulmonary edema
◉ Type(s) of High-viscosity fluid include:. Answer: Dextran
◉ Benefits of robotic surgery include:. Answer: • Precision o
Surgeon hand, wrist, and finger movements control the movements
of the scope and the thin, lightweight robotic instruments within the
patient's body.
• Flexibility
o Robotic instrumentation may have more flexibility and range of
motion than the human wrist.
o Each instrument performs a specific task (eg, coagulation, cutting,
retraction).
, • Efficiency o The instrument's quick release from the robotic arm
allows for faster instrument changes during surgery.
• Safety
o Safety features built into the robotic system prevent inadvertent or
independent instrument or arm movements that may harm the
patient.
◉ Energy-generating device safety practices include:. Answer: • Use
the lowest power setting possible.
• The person controlling the hand piece is the only person who
should operate the foot pedal.
• Only use trocar systems that protect the patient from errant
electrical current.
• Inspect instrument insulation before, during, and after use.
• Use a scanning device during the sterilization process to ensure
the instrument's insulation is not compromised.
◉ Chain of Infection - Reservoir:. Answer: - Dirty surfaces &
equipment
- people
- water
- animals
- insects
STUDY GUIDE 2026 VERIFIED ANSWERS
◉ Clinical signs of a gas embolism include. Answer: • Dyspnea
• Systemic hypotension
• Cardiac anomalies
• Hypoxemia
• End-tidal CO2 changes
◉ Intra-abdominal gas embolism is a rare but potentially serious
complication of insufflation because i. Answer: • Gas increases
abdominal pressures.
• Open blood vessels allow the gas to enter the circulatory system.
• The gas embolism enters the vascular system.
• The embolism travels to the right ventricle or pulmonary artery.
◉ Gas cylinder safety include:. Answer: • Verify that the correct gas
is being used by checking the cylinder's label, connector, and color
coding.
• Make sure there is enough gas in the cylinder.
• Check that the key can open the cylinder.
• Ensure that the cylinder is opened before use.
,• Have a second, full cylinder of the same gas being used
immediately available.
◉ Fluids can be used to create a surgical working space either by
gravity or pump infusion. The fluid selected is based on the:.
Answer: • Surgical procedure
• Patient assessment
• Instruments used during the surgical procedure
◉ Low viscosity non-electrolyte fluid is used for:. Answer: •
Gynecological and urological procedures
• Used with monopolar instruments
• Hypotonic
• Can cause transurethral resection syndrome if large quantities are
absorbed
◉ Examples of Low viscosity non-electrolyte fluids include:. Answer:
o 1.5%glycine
o 5% mannitol
o 3% sorbitol
◉ Normal saline is used:. Answer: • bipolar instruments
• Isotonic
,• Contains electrolytes
• Safer than non-electrolyte fluids if large amounts are absorbed
◉ High-viscosity fluid used as:. Answer: • Plasma volume expander
• Can draw six times its own volume into the bloodstream
• Has a high glucose content
◉ High-viscosity fluid can cause significant complications such as:.
Answer: o Fluid overload
o Heart failure
o Pulmonary edema
◉ Type(s) of High-viscosity fluid include:. Answer: Dextran
◉ Benefits of robotic surgery include:. Answer: • Precision o
Surgeon hand, wrist, and finger movements control the movements
of the scope and the thin, lightweight robotic instruments within the
patient's body.
• Flexibility
o Robotic instrumentation may have more flexibility and range of
motion than the human wrist.
o Each instrument performs a specific task (eg, coagulation, cutting,
retraction).
, • Efficiency o The instrument's quick release from the robotic arm
allows for faster instrument changes during surgery.
• Safety
o Safety features built into the robotic system prevent inadvertent or
independent instrument or arm movements that may harm the
patient.
◉ Energy-generating device safety practices include:. Answer: • Use
the lowest power setting possible.
• The person controlling the hand piece is the only person who
should operate the foot pedal.
• Only use trocar systems that protect the patient from errant
electrical current.
• Inspect instrument insulation before, during, and after use.
• Use a scanning device during the sterilization process to ensure
the instrument's insulation is not compromised.
◉ Chain of Infection - Reservoir:. Answer: - Dirty surfaces &
equipment
- people
- water
- animals
- insects
