UTA 5220 MODULE 1-5 STUDY QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026

UTA 5220 MODULE 1-5 STUDY QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026 A patient reports spontaneous discharge from her left nipple. How would you determine if the discharge was from one or multiple ducts? Order an ultrasound. Order a mammogram. Compress the nipple and examine with a magnifying glass. Depress the nipple into the well behind the areola and observe discharge. - Answers Compress the nipple and examine with a magnifying glass. Mrs. Harris presents to your office with a complaint of a red rash on her breast suggestive of either Paget disease or eczema. Which is a distinguishing factor between these two problems? The location of the lesion on the nipple. The presence or absence of crust. The response to cortisone The pattern of fever - Answers The response to cortisone Mrs. Ulman is a 56-year-old patient who presents to your office for her routine follow-up after having a mastectomy of the right breast 2 years ago. Which statement applies to your examination of this patient? Swelling, thickening, and small lumps at the mastectomy site are expected. The mastectomy site is inspected but not palpated because of pain. If malignancy recurs, it may be at the scar site. There is no need to examine the mastectomy site. - Answers If malignancy recurs, it may be at the scar site. Mrs. Yates is a 58-year-old patient who presents to your office for her yearly physical examination. She asks you how often a mammogram is recommended. The best response by the examiner is: "every year." "every 3 years." "every 5 years." "every year if you have a family history of cancer." - Answers "every year." Mrs. Venin brings her 18-year-old son in for a follow-up examination. You have examined him before due to his enlarged breast tissue, which has not resolved spontaneously. Which action is most appropriate? Refer him to a surgeon for removal. Explain that it may still resolve spontaneously. Ask about history of sexual activity. Ask about illicit or prescription drug use. - Answers Ask about illicit or prescription drug use. Mrs. Harold is a 37-year-old patient who presents for her yearly physical examination. Which statement made by Mrs. Harold would make the examiner suspect fibrocystic changes? "I have a lump in my breast that is not tender." "My right breast is larger than the left breast." "My nipples are darker than before my baby was born." "I feel lumps before my period." - Answers "I feel lumps before my period." Mrs. Black brings her 12-year-old daughter in with a complaint of a breast mass. On examination, you note unilateral breast enlargement with associated tenderness but no mass. Which action do you take? Refer for mammogram. Refer for biopsy. Ask the mother about her own breast development. Explain that this is an expected finding. - Answers Explain that this is an expected finding. Mrs. Newer brings her young child in for a yearly physical examination. On examination, you note a supernumerary nipple. For which other finding do you need to be alert? Papillomatosis Duct ectasia Renal anomalies Ambiguous sex organs - Answers Renal anomalies Mrs. Wolf is a 68-year-old patient who presents to your office with a complaint of breast mass. On examination, you note an irregular hard, fixed breast mass and an inverted nipple. Which of the following would you suspect? Fibroadenoma Intraductal papilloma Fat necrosis Carcinoma - Answers Carcinoma Mrs. Bower, a 56-year-old patient, presents for a yearly physical examination. On examination, you note a fixed mass in the left breast. Given this finding, which area would you palpate for sentinel nodes? Supraclavicular fossa Inner aspect of the upper arm Posterior chest wall along the border of the scapula Anterior chest wall along the pectoral muscles - Answers Supraclavicular fossa Mrs. Harmon brings her 16-year-old son in for a routine examination. On examination, you observe enlarged breast tissue. Which term is used to describe this finding? Ballottement Gynecomastia Peritonitis Phimosis - Answers Gynecomastia Mrs. Jones brings her newborn infant daughter in for a routine office visit. On examination, you express a clear to milky white fluid from the breast bud. Which term is used to describe this fluid? Witch's milk Witch hazel Infant's milk Neonate excretion - Answers Witch's milk What is the cause of a Peau d'orange appearance to the skin of the breast? Vascular stasis Destruction of stromal tissue Infiltration with immune cells Edema from blocked lymph drainage - Answers Edema from blocked lymph drainage Which is a similarity between fibroadenoma and fibrocystic disease? Both involve fluid-filled cysts. Both are usually tender to touch. Both are nonmalignant breast problems. Both fluctuate with the menstrual cycle. - Answers Both are nonmalignant breast problems. When examining a 34-year-old mother of two who is a new patient in for a routine physical, you notice that the right nipple is inverted. Which question would you immediately ask? "Did you breast feed your children?" "How long has your right nipple been inverted?" "Is there any history of breast cancer in your family?" "When was your last mammogram?" - Answers "How long has your right nipple been inverted?" Which are risk factors for breast cancer for a 43-year-old woman? 1. Mother died of breast cancer 2. Menarche at age 11 3. Early onset of menopause 4. 50-year-old sister currently has breast cancer 5. History of alcoholism 6. One child, a 7-year-old son 1 and 4 2, 3, and 6 1, 2 and 3 All but 3 - Answers All but 3 The anterior axillary nodes are located: along the lower border of the pectoralis major. along the upper humerus. high in the axilla. outside the lateral axillary fold. - Answers along the lower border of the pectoralis major. The midaxillary nodes are: easy to feel along the upper humerus. along the lateral border of the scapula. low in the axilla. superficial and easy to palpate. - Answers superficial and easy to palpate. rs. Tucker brings her infant daughter in for a newborn visit. On examination, you are able to express a clear to milky white fluid from the breast bud. You explain to Mrs. Tucker that this is an expected finding for an infant at which age? Up to 2 months Up to 3 months Up to 4 months Up to 6 months - Answers Up to 3 months Mrs. Emilio is a 41-year-old patient who presents with a complaint of a breast mass. On examination, you note an inflammation of the sebaceous glands in the areola. Which term is used to identify this clinical finding? Retention cysts Galactorrhea Fat necrosis Papillomatosis - Answers Retention cysts While palpating the axilla, it is best to place the patient in a: sitting position with the hands over the head. sitting position with the arms flexed at the elbows. supine position with the arms on the hips. lateral position with the arms at the sides. - Answers sitting position with the arms flexed at the elbows. Ms. Darren is a 29-year-old patient who presents with a firm, irregular mass with an area of discoloration. Which of the following diagnoses is associated with these clinical findings? Ductal carcinoma Papillomatosis Retention cyst Fat necrosis - Answers Fat necrosis Which of the following is the correct position in which to place the patient for breast palpation? Supine with the arms at the side and a pillow under the neck Supine with the arms over the head and small pillow under the shoulder of the side being assessed Left lateral position with the arm bent backward Sitting slightly forward with the breasts hanging away from the chest with the hands on the hips - Answers Supine with the arms over the head and small pillow under the shoulder of the side being assessed Mr. Hortsman is a 69-year-old patient who presents to your office for routine follow-up. On examination, you observe gynecomastia. This may be secondary to: a decrease in physical activity. increased lactiferous duct glands. lymphatic engorgement. a decrease in testosterone. - Answers Mrs. Casey is a 68-year-old patient who presents for a yearly physical examination. While performing a breast examination, which finding is expected? The breast tissue has multiple large firm lumps in it. The breast tissue has a granular feel. The tail of Spence is no longer definable. The axillary lymph nodes are enlarged. - Answers The breast tissue has a granular feel. Mrs. Tucker is a 52-year-old patient who presents for her routine yearly physical examination. What do you call the nontender and nonsuppurative bumps seen on the areola? Montgomery tubercles Papilloma Romberg macules Retention cysts - Answers Montgomery tubercles A clear-to-yellow viscous nipple discharge that is associated with pregnancy is called: priapism. hypospadias. varicocele. colostrum. - Answers colostrum. Which is a nipple-related indication of possible breast malignancy? Contraction Retraction Virchow striation Telangiectasia - Answers Retraction Mrs. Ginley is a 43-year-old mother of a 7 year old and a 5 year old who presents to your office for a routine physical. On examination, you note galactorrhea. Which question is most pertinent to this situation? Did you breast feed your children? What medications do you take? Has anyone in your family had Paget disease? When was your last mammogram? - Answers What medications do you take? Mrs. Werner is a 30-year-old patient who presents to your office. After a thorough clinical examination, you diagnose mastitis. Which factor typically causes this clinical condition? Ductal enlargement Clogged milk duct Supernumerary nipple Malignant breast tumor - Answers Clogged milk duct A small nipple on the upper inner thigh is: a clogged milk duct. a malignant breast tumor. a supernumerary nipple. a ductal enlargement. - Answers a supernumerary nipple. When examining the breasts of a woman who is 7 ½ months pregnant, which finding would be a cause for concern? Enlarged, flattened nipples Coarse nodularity on palpation Non-blanching vascular spiders on the upper chest Pronounced unilateral venous network - Answers Pronounced unilateral venous network hat is the purpose of doing a chest wall sweep as part of a breast examination? To feel superficial lumps To check for tenderness in the costal cartilages To increase the visibility of surface vascularity To outline the breast quadrants and the tail of Spence - Answers To feel superficial lumps When palpating for infraclavicular lymph nodes, which direction do you give the patient? Turn your head toward the side being palpated; drop both your shoulders. Turn your head away from the side being palpated and drop your shoulder on that side. Turn your head toward the side being palpated and raise your shoulder on that side. Turn your head away from the side being palpated and raise your shoulder on that side. - Answers Turn your head toward the side being palpated and raise your shoulder on that side. At what point in the menstrual cycle is a routine breast At what point in the menstrual cycle is a routine breast examination best done? Mid cycle A week before menses During menses A week after menses - Answers A week after menses 3 most common breast lumps: - Answers fibroadenoma-benign solid tumors usually in women 30 years of age. fibrocystic breast changes-heterogenous group of nonproliferative changes of stromal/glandular elements that includes cysts, nodularity, nipple discharge, breast tenderness. usually in women 30-50yrs of age. breast carcinoma Nipple discharge: - Answers most commonly caused by benign lesions than cancerous ones. Organism that typically causes mastitis: - Answers staphylococcus aureus. Six groups of lymph nodes accessible to palpation: - Answers Supraclavicular Midaxillary Lateral axillary Anterior axillary Subclavicular nodes changes in breast tissue with age: - Answers 25-stromal and lobular tissue. Fibroadenomas common. 25-40-cyclic mastalgia and nodularity. 40-begin to involute. cysts and duct ectasia common. 50-increased risk of cancer. Liver: - Answers heaviest organ. Metabolizes carbs, fats, proteins. Converts and stores glucose. Can convert amino acids to glucose. Cholesterol is used to form bile salts. Synthesizes fats from carbs to proteins. Stores vitamins and iron. Detox of potentially harmful substances. Antibody production. Conjugation/excretion of steroid hormones. Production of prothrombin, fibrinogen, coag substances. Responsible for production of majority of proteins. Excretory organ-synthesis of bile, secretion of organic wastes into bile, conversion of fat-soluble wastes to water-soluble. Gallbladder: - Answers releases bile into cystic duct. Cystic duct and hepatic duct form common bile duct. Bile maintains alkaline pH of small intestine, permits emuslification of fats for lipid absorption. Pancreas: - Answers produces digestive juices for breakdown of proteins, fats, carbs. Islet cells produce insulin and glucagon. Spleen: - Answers Filters blood and makes lymphocytes and monocytes. Stores and releases blood. Kidneys, ureters, bladder: - Answers Right kidney lower than left. Most filtered material (electrolytes, glucose, water, small proteins) is reabsorbed in proximal tubule. Some organic acids actively excreted in distal tubule. Urinary volume controlled by ADH. Produces renin, which controls aldosterone secretion. Primary source of erythropoietin production in adults. Produces biologically active form of vitamin D. Abdominal section of descending aorta: - Answers travels from diaphragm through abdominal cavity to left of midline. At umbilicus, branches into two common iliac arteries. Splenic and renal arteries branch off within abdomen also. Cullen sign: - Answers bluish periumbilical discoloration Sister Mary Joseph's nodule: - Answers pearl-like, enlarged and sometimes painful umbilical nodule. may be first sign of intraabdominal malignancy. Distention from umbilicus to symphysis may be from: - Answers ovarian tumor pregnancy fibroids distended bladder distention of upper half, above umbilicus, may be from: - Answers tumor pancreatic cyst gastric dilation asymmetric distention may be from: - Answers hernia tumor cysts bowel obstruction muscle/soft tissue hematoma organ enlargement limited abdominal motion with respiration may indicate _________________ in an ill-appearing male adult. - Answers peritonitis Percussion of the abdomen: - Answers overall tympany and dullness. Lower liver border than____ may indicate enlargement. - Answers 2-3cm. Begin liver percussion for lower borders at the: - Answers right midclavicular line. usually heard at the costal margin. For upper border of liver, begin percussion at the: - Answers right midclavicular line around third intercostal space. Usually at the 5th intercostal space. Nine regions of the abdomen - Answers Landmarks of the abdomen: - Answers Usual liver span: - Answers 6-12cm Traube's space - Answers semilunar region defined by 6th rib superiorly, midaxillary line laterally, and left costal margin inferiorly. Usually tympanic. Murphy sign: - Answers when assessing gallbladder. pt will halt inspiration when contact with deep palpation. MANTRELS: - Answers M-migration of pain A-anorexia N-Nausea/vomiting T-Tenderness in RLQ R-Rebound pain E-elevation of temp L-leukocytosis S-Shift to the left Conditions that produce acute abdominal pain: - Answers appendicitis peritonitis cholecystitis pancreatitis salpingitis PID diverticulitis perforated gastric or duodenal ulcer intestinal obstruction volvulus leaking abdominal aneurysm biliary stones, colic renal calculi ectopic pregnancy ruptured ovarian cyst splenic rupture conditions that produce chronic abdominal pain: - Answers IBS lactose intolerance diverticular disease constipation uterine fibroids hernia esophagitis/GERD peptic ulcer gastritis positive blumberg sign - Answers rebound tenderness at site of inflammation positive McBurney sign: - Answers rebound tenderness over McBurney's point in lower right quadrant. Iliopsoas muscle test - Answers performed when suspected appendicitis. May cause irriation of iliopsoas muscle. lie supine and place hand over lower right thigh. Raise right leg, flex at hip, while you push downward. Liver span at 6 months of age: - Answers 2.4-28cm