AP Environmental Science: Unit 9
Exam-Graded A
When non-local species spread rapidly across large areas, they are called
A. alien species.
B. invasive species.
C. exotic species.
D. native species.
E. endangered species. - ANS-B
The term biodiversity is a buzzword that incorporates the following:
I. genetic variation.
II. the number of different species adjusted for relative abundance.
III. variability of habitat.
A. I
B. I, II, and III
C. I and III
D. II
E. I and II - ANS-B
One of the first acts of ecosystem conservation in American history can be seen through
the
A. creation of Pelican Island national wildlife refuge.
B. establishment of wilderness preservation areas.
C. creation of the Environmental Protection Agency.
D. establishment of Yellowstone National Park.
E. congress passing the multiple-use sustained-yield act. - ANS-D
Which of the following ecosystem types has only recently gained attention in the
practice of conservation?
A. Tropical rain forests
B. Grasslands and prairies
C. Sensitive marine habitats
D. Red wood forests
E. Wetlands - ANS-C
Instrumental value of ecosystems, also known as ecosystem services, includes all of
the following EXCEPT A. food.
B. medicinal products.
C. intrinsic value.
D. timber.
,E. insect pollination - ANS-C
Including the mass extinction events that occurred prior to human existence, ecologists
hypothesize that human activity could currently be the reason behind mass extinction
number
A. two.
B. three.
C. four.
D. five.
E. six. - ANS-E
The event that is defined by the last member of a species dying is termed
A. extirpation.
B. endangerment.
C. extinction.
D. endemic.
E. exclusion. - ANS-C
Which of the following characteristics is most likely to lead to an inbreeding depression?
A. Sexual reproduction
B. Large population
C. Gene flow
D. Low genetic diversity
E. Ecosystem variability - ANS-D
An inbreeding depression is likely to lead to
A. an increase in the expression of harmful genetic mutations.
B. a decrease in unviable offspring.
C. an increase in gene flow.
D. a decrease in species extinction.
E. an increase in disease resistance. - ANS-A
A high degree of genetic diversity within a species would be important for all of the
following reasons EXCEPT
A. higher disease resistance.
B. greater protection against environmental change.
C. increased access to beneficial traits.
D. higher overall species diversity.
E. lower potential for inbreeding depression. - ANS-D
An example of an endangered species that has suffered potential inbreeding depression
because of population size would be the
A. prairie dog.
B. African lion.
C. grizzly bear.
D. Asian grass carp.
, E. Florida panther. - ANS-E
Human-controlled breeding has created homogenous gene pools in livestock and crop
plants, leading to an increased
A. diversity in crop variety.
B. resistance to disease.
C. endangerment of domestic species.
D. soil erosion.
E. vitamin D deficiency - ANS-C
The facility known as the Svalbard Global seed vault is designed to preserve
A. known seed pests.
B. seed diversity.
C. breeding secrets.
D. emergency food stores.
E. radioactive seeds too dangerous to plant. - ANS-B
The IUCN labels species that are at high risk of extinction as
A. threatened.
B. extinct.
C. extirpated.
D. species of special concern.
E. endemic. - ANS-A
All of the following are mandates associated with the World Bank EXCEPT
A. education of government officials.
B. establishment of viable infrastructure.
C. converting financial systems from microcredit to more substantial financial
organizations.
D. ensuring the continued growth in population within developing nations.
E. reduction of corruption within governmental systems. - ANS-D
The curbing of CFCs enacted by the Montreal Protocol is unlikely to be duplicated in the
effort to reduce carbon emissions primarily because
A. there is an inexhaustible amount of fossil fuels.
B. carbon is not an ozone-depleting chemical.
C. there is not a viable replacement for fossil fuels currently.
D. carbon is not a human health threat.
E. CFCs are not used in any aspect of transportation. - ANS-C
An example of the precautionary principle in action occurred with the global
collaborative effort that resulted in
A. the Endangered Species Act.
B. the Clean Air Act.
C. the Marine Mammal Protection Act.
D. the Montreal Protocol.
Exam-Graded A
When non-local species spread rapidly across large areas, they are called
A. alien species.
B. invasive species.
C. exotic species.
D. native species.
E. endangered species. - ANS-B
The term biodiversity is a buzzword that incorporates the following:
I. genetic variation.
II. the number of different species adjusted for relative abundance.
III. variability of habitat.
A. I
B. I, II, and III
C. I and III
D. II
E. I and II - ANS-B
One of the first acts of ecosystem conservation in American history can be seen through
the
A. creation of Pelican Island national wildlife refuge.
B. establishment of wilderness preservation areas.
C. creation of the Environmental Protection Agency.
D. establishment of Yellowstone National Park.
E. congress passing the multiple-use sustained-yield act. - ANS-D
Which of the following ecosystem types has only recently gained attention in the
practice of conservation?
A. Tropical rain forests
B. Grasslands and prairies
C. Sensitive marine habitats
D. Red wood forests
E. Wetlands - ANS-C
Instrumental value of ecosystems, also known as ecosystem services, includes all of
the following EXCEPT A. food.
B. medicinal products.
C. intrinsic value.
D. timber.
,E. insect pollination - ANS-C
Including the mass extinction events that occurred prior to human existence, ecologists
hypothesize that human activity could currently be the reason behind mass extinction
number
A. two.
B. three.
C. four.
D. five.
E. six. - ANS-E
The event that is defined by the last member of a species dying is termed
A. extirpation.
B. endangerment.
C. extinction.
D. endemic.
E. exclusion. - ANS-C
Which of the following characteristics is most likely to lead to an inbreeding depression?
A. Sexual reproduction
B. Large population
C. Gene flow
D. Low genetic diversity
E. Ecosystem variability - ANS-D
An inbreeding depression is likely to lead to
A. an increase in the expression of harmful genetic mutations.
B. a decrease in unviable offspring.
C. an increase in gene flow.
D. a decrease in species extinction.
E. an increase in disease resistance. - ANS-A
A high degree of genetic diversity within a species would be important for all of the
following reasons EXCEPT
A. higher disease resistance.
B. greater protection against environmental change.
C. increased access to beneficial traits.
D. higher overall species diversity.
E. lower potential for inbreeding depression. - ANS-D
An example of an endangered species that has suffered potential inbreeding depression
because of population size would be the
A. prairie dog.
B. African lion.
C. grizzly bear.
D. Asian grass carp.
, E. Florida panther. - ANS-E
Human-controlled breeding has created homogenous gene pools in livestock and crop
plants, leading to an increased
A. diversity in crop variety.
B. resistance to disease.
C. endangerment of domestic species.
D. soil erosion.
E. vitamin D deficiency - ANS-C
The facility known as the Svalbard Global seed vault is designed to preserve
A. known seed pests.
B. seed diversity.
C. breeding secrets.
D. emergency food stores.
E. radioactive seeds too dangerous to plant. - ANS-B
The IUCN labels species that are at high risk of extinction as
A. threatened.
B. extinct.
C. extirpated.
D. species of special concern.
E. endemic. - ANS-A
All of the following are mandates associated with the World Bank EXCEPT
A. education of government officials.
B. establishment of viable infrastructure.
C. converting financial systems from microcredit to more substantial financial
organizations.
D. ensuring the continued growth in population within developing nations.
E. reduction of corruption within governmental systems. - ANS-D
The curbing of CFCs enacted by the Montreal Protocol is unlikely to be duplicated in the
effort to reduce carbon emissions primarily because
A. there is an inexhaustible amount of fossil fuels.
B. carbon is not an ozone-depleting chemical.
C. there is not a viable replacement for fossil fuels currently.
D. carbon is not a human health threat.
E. CFCs are not used in any aspect of transportation. - ANS-C
An example of the precautionary principle in action occurred with the global
collaborative effort that resulted in
A. the Endangered Species Act.
B. the Clean Air Act.
C. the Marine Mammal Protection Act.
D. the Montreal Protocol.
