BIOD 171 MICROBIOLOGY LAB 9 EXAM EXAM
PREP 2026 PRACTICE SOLUTION STUDY GUIDE
◉ Compare/contrast gram (+) and gram (-) bacteria. Answer: Gram
(+)
1. thick peptidoglycan
2. small periplasmic space
3. Teichoic acid
Gram (-)
1. THIN peptidoglycan
2. LPS
3. Porins
4. Large periplasmic space
◉ Plasmids carry genes for?. Answer: 1. Antibiotic resistance
2. Resistance to heavy metals (Hg, Ag)
3. Resistance to UV light
4. Pili
5. Exotoxins
,◉ Bacterial shapes: cocci. Answer: - diplococci (pair)
- streptococci
- tetrad (4)
- staphylococci
- Sarcina (cube of 8)
◉ Bacterial shapes: Rods (Bacilli). Answer: -chain of bacilli
-flagellate rods
-spore former
◉ Bacterial shapes: Spirals. Answer: -Vibrios
-Spirilla
-Spirochaetes
◉ The shape of a bacterium is determined by its _____.. Answer: rigid
cell wall
◉ Smallest and largest bacteria. Answer: Smallest:
Mycoplasma
Largest: Bacillus anthracis
,◉ Bacteria is a prokaryote with the following characteristics : ______.
Answer: -no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
-chromosomes and plasmids freely float in cytoplasm
◉ Function of cells wall. Answer: • Provides structural
support
• Made of peptidoglycan
(polysaccharide)
◉ Function of capsule. Answer: Sticky outer layer
for protection and
attachment
◉ Function of plasma cell membrane. Answer: • Directs what enters
and exits
• Phospholipid bilayer
◉ Differences in cell walls gram (-) and (+). Answer:
◉ Gram positive bacteria structure. Answer: • Inner plasma cell
membrane (phospholipid bilayer)
• Thick 'peptidoglycan' cell wall
, • Outer Capsule
◉ Gram negative bacteria structure. Answer: • Inner plasma cell
membrane
(phospholipid bilayer)
• Thin 'peptidoglycan' cell wall
• Another outer plasma cell
membrane (phospholipid
bilayer - 'lipopolysaccharides')
• Outer Capsule
◉ Bacteria unlike eukaryotes have no ____ in plasma membrane..
Answer: sterols
◉ Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is only associated with ______.. Answer:
Gram negative bacteria
◉ POLLEV- True or false: Gram (-) Bacteria has a thicker
peptidoglycan cell wall than the Gram (+) Bacteria. Answer: False
◉ Essential components of bacteria. Answer: -cell wall
(peptidoglycan, outer membrane of gram (-) bacteria, surface fibers
-mesosome
PREP 2026 PRACTICE SOLUTION STUDY GUIDE
◉ Compare/contrast gram (+) and gram (-) bacteria. Answer: Gram
(+)
1. thick peptidoglycan
2. small periplasmic space
3. Teichoic acid
Gram (-)
1. THIN peptidoglycan
2. LPS
3. Porins
4. Large periplasmic space
◉ Plasmids carry genes for?. Answer: 1. Antibiotic resistance
2. Resistance to heavy metals (Hg, Ag)
3. Resistance to UV light
4. Pili
5. Exotoxins
,◉ Bacterial shapes: cocci. Answer: - diplococci (pair)
- streptococci
- tetrad (4)
- staphylococci
- Sarcina (cube of 8)
◉ Bacterial shapes: Rods (Bacilli). Answer: -chain of bacilli
-flagellate rods
-spore former
◉ Bacterial shapes: Spirals. Answer: -Vibrios
-Spirilla
-Spirochaetes
◉ The shape of a bacterium is determined by its _____.. Answer: rigid
cell wall
◉ Smallest and largest bacteria. Answer: Smallest:
Mycoplasma
Largest: Bacillus anthracis
,◉ Bacteria is a prokaryote with the following characteristics : ______.
Answer: -no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
-chromosomes and plasmids freely float in cytoplasm
◉ Function of cells wall. Answer: • Provides structural
support
• Made of peptidoglycan
(polysaccharide)
◉ Function of capsule. Answer: Sticky outer layer
for protection and
attachment
◉ Function of plasma cell membrane. Answer: • Directs what enters
and exits
• Phospholipid bilayer
◉ Differences in cell walls gram (-) and (+). Answer:
◉ Gram positive bacteria structure. Answer: • Inner plasma cell
membrane (phospholipid bilayer)
• Thick 'peptidoglycan' cell wall
, • Outer Capsule
◉ Gram negative bacteria structure. Answer: • Inner plasma cell
membrane
(phospholipid bilayer)
• Thin 'peptidoglycan' cell wall
• Another outer plasma cell
membrane (phospholipid
bilayer - 'lipopolysaccharides')
• Outer Capsule
◉ Bacteria unlike eukaryotes have no ____ in plasma membrane..
Answer: sterols
◉ Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is only associated with ______.. Answer:
Gram negative bacteria
◉ POLLEV- True or false: Gram (-) Bacteria has a thicker
peptidoglycan cell wall than the Gram (+) Bacteria. Answer: False
◉ Essential components of bacteria. Answer: -cell wall
(peptidoglycan, outer membrane of gram (-) bacteria, surface fibers
-mesosome
