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PHARM 180 Final Practice Questions and Correct Answers/ Latest Update / Already Graded

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What is the first-pass effect? Ans: The metabolism of a drug by the liver before it reaches systemic circulation, reducing bioavailability. When should PO medications NOT be given? Ans: Dysphagia, NPO status, altered level of consciousness, active vomiting. What does a narrow therapeutic index mean? Ans: There is a small margin between therapeutic and toxic drug levels, requiring close monitoring. When are peak and trough drug levels drawn? Ans: Peak: about 30 minutes after IV infusion; Trough: about 30 minutes before the next dose.

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PHARM 180 Final Practice Questions and
Correct Answers/ Latest Update / Already
Graded
What is the first-pass effect?

Ans: The metabolism of a drug by the liver before it reaches
systemic circulation, reducing bioavailability.


When should PO medications NOT be given?

Ans: Dysphagia, NPO status, altered level of consciousness,
active vomiting.


What does a narrow therapeutic index mean?

Ans: There is a small margin between therapeutic and toxic
drug levels, requiring close monitoring.


When are peak and trough drug levels drawn?

Ans: Peak: about 30 minutes after IV infusion; Trough: about 30
minutes before the next dose.


What is the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors?


All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |

, Page |2


Ans: Block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II,
causing vasodilation.


What are major adverse effects of ACE inhibitors?

Ans: Dry cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema.


When must ACE inhibitors be stopped immediately?

Ans: When signs of angioedema occur (swelling of face, lips,
tongue, or throat).


What electrolyte imbalance is a risk with ARBs?

Ans: Hyperkalemia.


What key side effect distinguishes ARBs from ACE inhibitors?

Ans: ARBs do not cause a dry cough.


What is the mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers?

Ans: Block calcium entry into cells causing vasodilation,
decreased heart rate, and decreased contractility.



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