FDSC 414 - EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
What advances have been made to increase the milk yield of dairy cows? - Correct
Answers --Genetics
-Understanding of biology
-Feed quality
-Nutrition
-Animal Management
In 2017 vs 2007 for the same amount of milk we now use (dilution of maintenance): -
Correct Answers --75% of the cows
-83% of the feedstuff
-79% of the land
-70% of the water
CO2 trends - Correct Answers -CO2 per cow is higher in 2007 vs 1944
CO2 per lb milk is lower in 2007 vs 1944
Main drivers of cash flow for milk - Correct Answers --Milk fat ($2.25/lb)
-Protein ($2.48/lb)
-Other solids ($0.22/lb)
When is the protein, fat and lactose highest? - Correct Answers -In early lactation, so
cows must be rebred to keep the herd from getting "stale"
How does increasing the milking frequency impact the milk yield? - Correct Answers -
Increasing the milking frequency increases the milk yield (ex: 3x per day milking yields
more milk than 2x per day milking)
Day length and long-day lighting impact on milk yield? - Correct Answers -Increasing
the day length and long-day lighting increases the milk yield by about 10% on all
production levels
Why does short photoperiod during dry period increase milk yield in subsequent
lactation? - Correct Answers --Increased mammary growth
-Expression of prolactin receptor
Growth hormone - Correct Answers -somatotropin
, what is bST ? - Correct Answers -bST is a protein with ~191 amino acids with 4
variants. species limited
What does somatotropin do? - Correct Answers -shifts partitioning of nutrients so more
are used for productive functions.
Environmental impact from 1 million cows producing 10 more lbs of milk daily - Correct
Answers -This has reduced the environmental impact by 9% annually
Impact of month/season on protein and fat? - Correct Answers -Protein and fat content
of milk fluctuates based upon the season. they follow each others highs and lows
Milk synthesis is variable over the day - Correct Answers --Protein and fat is higher in
the PM milking
-Total yield is higher in the AM milking
Mammary Gland life cycle (Mammogenesis) - Correct Answers -Makes tissue
(pregnancy)
Mammary gland life cycle (lactogenesis) - Correct Answers -Start milk synthesis
(parturition)
Mammary gland life cycle (Galactopoiesis) - Correct Answers -Maintain milk synthesis
(lactation)
Mammary gland life cylce (Involution) - Correct Answers -Stop milk (wean/dry) -- this
cycle recurs with each subsequent pregnancy
DART - digital reference thermometer - Correct Answers --located at the end of the
holding tube
-legal point to measure temp
Safety thermal limit recorder (STLR) - Correct Answers --at holding tube outlet
-calibrated so that it's not greater than 0.5oF of the indicating thermometer
Flow diversion device - Correct Answers -will send forward if product is legally
pasteurized, but will divert flow and send back to balance tank if it is not legally
pasteurized.
Milk yield = ______ * _______ - Correct Answers -# of mammary cells * average activity
of cell
Milk composition - Correct Answers -different between species but physiology is very
similar
ANSWERS
What advances have been made to increase the milk yield of dairy cows? - Correct
Answers --Genetics
-Understanding of biology
-Feed quality
-Nutrition
-Animal Management
In 2017 vs 2007 for the same amount of milk we now use (dilution of maintenance): -
Correct Answers --75% of the cows
-83% of the feedstuff
-79% of the land
-70% of the water
CO2 trends - Correct Answers -CO2 per cow is higher in 2007 vs 1944
CO2 per lb milk is lower in 2007 vs 1944
Main drivers of cash flow for milk - Correct Answers --Milk fat ($2.25/lb)
-Protein ($2.48/lb)
-Other solids ($0.22/lb)
When is the protein, fat and lactose highest? - Correct Answers -In early lactation, so
cows must be rebred to keep the herd from getting "stale"
How does increasing the milking frequency impact the milk yield? - Correct Answers -
Increasing the milking frequency increases the milk yield (ex: 3x per day milking yields
more milk than 2x per day milking)
Day length and long-day lighting impact on milk yield? - Correct Answers -Increasing
the day length and long-day lighting increases the milk yield by about 10% on all
production levels
Why does short photoperiod during dry period increase milk yield in subsequent
lactation? - Correct Answers --Increased mammary growth
-Expression of prolactin receptor
Growth hormone - Correct Answers -somatotropin
, what is bST ? - Correct Answers -bST is a protein with ~191 amino acids with 4
variants. species limited
What does somatotropin do? - Correct Answers -shifts partitioning of nutrients so more
are used for productive functions.
Environmental impact from 1 million cows producing 10 more lbs of milk daily - Correct
Answers -This has reduced the environmental impact by 9% annually
Impact of month/season on protein and fat? - Correct Answers -Protein and fat content
of milk fluctuates based upon the season. they follow each others highs and lows
Milk synthesis is variable over the day - Correct Answers --Protein and fat is higher in
the PM milking
-Total yield is higher in the AM milking
Mammary Gland life cycle (Mammogenesis) - Correct Answers -Makes tissue
(pregnancy)
Mammary gland life cycle (lactogenesis) - Correct Answers -Start milk synthesis
(parturition)
Mammary gland life cycle (Galactopoiesis) - Correct Answers -Maintain milk synthesis
(lactation)
Mammary gland life cylce (Involution) - Correct Answers -Stop milk (wean/dry) -- this
cycle recurs with each subsequent pregnancy
DART - digital reference thermometer - Correct Answers --located at the end of the
holding tube
-legal point to measure temp
Safety thermal limit recorder (STLR) - Correct Answers --at holding tube outlet
-calibrated so that it's not greater than 0.5oF of the indicating thermometer
Flow diversion device - Correct Answers -will send forward if product is legally
pasteurized, but will divert flow and send back to balance tank if it is not legally
pasteurized.
Milk yield = ______ * _______ - Correct Answers -# of mammary cells * average activity
of cell
Milk composition - Correct Answers -different between species but physiology is very
similar
