ONCC EXAM 2026 ACTUAL ASSESSMENT
SCRIPT FULL SOLUTION VERIFIED A+
◉ chemical workers. Answer: increase rates of bladder cancer
◉ steel workers. Answer: increase rates of lung cancer
◉ primary prevention. Answer: the most effective treatment for
cancer
◉ secondary prevention. Answer: early detection of cancer
◉ tertiary prevention. Answer: effective therapy
◉ diagnosis. Answer: clinical problems- solving process applied to
asymptomatic individuals who either screen positive or present in
an already symptomatic state
◉ incidence. Answer: number of new cases identified in a specified
population in a defined period (generally a year)
,◉ prevalence. Answer: percentage of all individuals with disease at a
given point in time in a specified population
◉ validity. Answer: accuracy of screening tool.
measure by sensitivity and specificity
◉ sensitivity. Answer: measure of the rest ability to correctly
identify persons with disease (true positive) among the population
screened (100% sensitivity= no false negative
how sensitive a test is to the outcome for which is testing.
◉ specificity. Answer: measure of the test's ability to correctly
identify persons who do not have the the disease in the group being
screened ( test will not be positive in anyone who does not have
cancer) 100 specificity= no false positive
how acurate a test will be in testing for one particular item.
◉ predictive value. Answer: influenced by the prevalence of the
disease in population as well as the sensitivity and specificity of the
test
the chance a test will have a false reading.
◉ positive predictive value. Answer: the percentage of person who
screen positive who actually have the disease
,◉ negative predictive value. Answer: the percentage of persons who
screen negative who do not have the disease
◉ lead time bias. Answer: screening most often performed on
asymptomatic individuals who will generally have more indolent
cancers
◉ selection bias. Answer: those choosing to undergo cancer
screening or select in differ from those who do not
◉ overdiagnosis. Answer: diagnosis of an indolent cancer in a
person who if not screened would not have been diagnosed not have
needed treatment
◉ PSA. Answer: the only marker used in cancer screening programs,
an its efficacy (ability to decrease mortality) remains controversial
◉ Proteomics. Answer: study of the structure, function and patterns
of expression of proteins.
◉ gail model. Answer: tool developed to help estimate a woman's
personal risk
age
, age of menarche
age at first live birth
number of first degree relative with breast cancer
number of previous benign breast biopsies
atypical hyperplasia in a previous breast biopsy
race
◉ breast cancer. Answer: BRCA1 & BRCA2 gene mutation
ashkenazi jewish heritage
◉ breast cancer treatment. Answer: herceptin (adjuvant therapy
such as hormone therapy) trastuzumab
◉ colorectal cancer. Answer: 1-guaiac based fecal occult blood test
(GFOBT) 3 consecutive tool specimen
2-fecal immunochemical test (FIT) or immunochemical fecal occult
blood test (iFOBT)
3- stool deoxyribonucleic acid (sDNA)
4-Barium enema
5-flexible sigmoidoscopy
6- colonoscopy
7-ct colonography also known as virtual colonoscopy (VC)
SCRIPT FULL SOLUTION VERIFIED A+
◉ chemical workers. Answer: increase rates of bladder cancer
◉ steel workers. Answer: increase rates of lung cancer
◉ primary prevention. Answer: the most effective treatment for
cancer
◉ secondary prevention. Answer: early detection of cancer
◉ tertiary prevention. Answer: effective therapy
◉ diagnosis. Answer: clinical problems- solving process applied to
asymptomatic individuals who either screen positive or present in
an already symptomatic state
◉ incidence. Answer: number of new cases identified in a specified
population in a defined period (generally a year)
,◉ prevalence. Answer: percentage of all individuals with disease at a
given point in time in a specified population
◉ validity. Answer: accuracy of screening tool.
measure by sensitivity and specificity
◉ sensitivity. Answer: measure of the rest ability to correctly
identify persons with disease (true positive) among the population
screened (100% sensitivity= no false negative
how sensitive a test is to the outcome for which is testing.
◉ specificity. Answer: measure of the test's ability to correctly
identify persons who do not have the the disease in the group being
screened ( test will not be positive in anyone who does not have
cancer) 100 specificity= no false positive
how acurate a test will be in testing for one particular item.
◉ predictive value. Answer: influenced by the prevalence of the
disease in population as well as the sensitivity and specificity of the
test
the chance a test will have a false reading.
◉ positive predictive value. Answer: the percentage of person who
screen positive who actually have the disease
,◉ negative predictive value. Answer: the percentage of persons who
screen negative who do not have the disease
◉ lead time bias. Answer: screening most often performed on
asymptomatic individuals who will generally have more indolent
cancers
◉ selection bias. Answer: those choosing to undergo cancer
screening or select in differ from those who do not
◉ overdiagnosis. Answer: diagnosis of an indolent cancer in a
person who if not screened would not have been diagnosed not have
needed treatment
◉ PSA. Answer: the only marker used in cancer screening programs,
an its efficacy (ability to decrease mortality) remains controversial
◉ Proteomics. Answer: study of the structure, function and patterns
of expression of proteins.
◉ gail model. Answer: tool developed to help estimate a woman's
personal risk
age
, age of menarche
age at first live birth
number of first degree relative with breast cancer
number of previous benign breast biopsies
atypical hyperplasia in a previous breast biopsy
race
◉ breast cancer. Answer: BRCA1 & BRCA2 gene mutation
ashkenazi jewish heritage
◉ breast cancer treatment. Answer: herceptin (adjuvant therapy
such as hormone therapy) trastuzumab
◉ colorectal cancer. Answer: 1-guaiac based fecal occult blood test
(GFOBT) 3 consecutive tool specimen
2-fecal immunochemical test (FIT) or immunochemical fecal occult
blood test (iFOBT)
3- stool deoxyribonucleic acid (sDNA)
4-Barium enema
5-flexible sigmoidoscopy
6- colonoscopy
7-ct colonography also known as virtual colonoscopy (VC)
