Nurs 2000 Study questions Solved 100% Correct
Infectious agent
micro-organism that can cause harm/infections
Reservoir
where the microorganism grows and multiplies (person, equipment, water source)
Portal of Exit
Ears, nose, mouth, skin, body fluids
Mode of Transportation
Droplet (larger, spit or mucus in the air), airborne (very small that can stay in the air for a long
time), contact (direct or indirect), airborne, vector insects, vehicle-water-borne
Portal of Entry
Eyes, respiratory, fecal-oral, parenteral, through skin, urogenital, transplacental
Susceptible Host
The person at risk of the infection and not able to fight it off (resident, provider, more vulnerable
include elderly, children, immunocompromised, etc.)
What is the order of the chain of infection?
1. Infectious Agent
2. Reservoir
3. Portal of Exit
,4. Mode of Transmission
5. Portal of Entry
6. Susceptible Host
What factors would increase a person's susceptibility to infection?
Age
Underlying condition (HIV/AIDS)
Malignancy
Transplants
Medications (immunosuppressants, antirejection meds, corticosteroids, gastric suppressants)
Surgical procedures
Radiation therapy
Indwelling devices
What is the #1 tool we have for breaking the chain of infection?
Washing our hands, it is the most cost effective means of preventing infection.
Alcohol-based hand sanitize
Rub hands together until dry
Does not work on soiled hands
Generally less drying than soap
Antimicrobial soap
Scribe for at least 20 seconds
Warm water
,When are antimicrobial handwashes used?
Antimicrobial handwashes (with active ingredients like chlorhexidine or triclosan) hand rubs
contain an antimicrobial solution. These handwashes are used to wash the hands in combination
with water. The hand rubs are applied to the surfaces of the hands to decrease microbe load,
using the same hand hygiene techniques as are used with hand sanitizer.
What is an antiseptic?
Chemicals used on living tissue to kill microbes examples include:
Alcohols
Chlorhexidine
Chlorine
Chloroxylenol (parachlorometaxylenol [PCMX])
HexachloropheneIodine/iodophors
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Triclosan
Medical asepsis versus surgical asepsis
Medical asepsis (clean technique) is a term used to define the reduction of disease-causing
micro-organisms
Staff who are performing surgical procedures must use surgical asepsis to prevent transmission
of pathogens to the client, thereby protecting the client from infection. Surgical asepsis ensures
, that items such as gloves and equipment are sterile, meaning that they do not have micro-
organisms present on them.
Standard Precautions
Applies to all patients, PPE is chosen based on what the nurse expects to come in contact with.
Includes principles like foam in, foam out, etc.
Contact Precautions
Practices used to prevent spread of disease by direct or indirect contact
Ex. Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus (VRE), MRSE, draining skin infections
Enteric Precautions
Gowns and gloves required, you must wash your hands with soap and water after exiting room.
ex. C.Diff, norovirus, rotavirus, e.coli, salmonella, etc.
Droplet precautions
Must be followed for a patient known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by
large-particle droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, talking, or laughing.
Examples: Covid, Flu, bacterial meningitis, whooping cough, mumps, rubella etc.
Airborne Precautions
Methods of infection control that must be used for patients known or suspected to be infected
with pathogens transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei.
Infectious agent
micro-organism that can cause harm/infections
Reservoir
where the microorganism grows and multiplies (person, equipment, water source)
Portal of Exit
Ears, nose, mouth, skin, body fluids
Mode of Transportation
Droplet (larger, spit or mucus in the air), airborne (very small that can stay in the air for a long
time), contact (direct or indirect), airborne, vector insects, vehicle-water-borne
Portal of Entry
Eyes, respiratory, fecal-oral, parenteral, through skin, urogenital, transplacental
Susceptible Host
The person at risk of the infection and not able to fight it off (resident, provider, more vulnerable
include elderly, children, immunocompromised, etc.)
What is the order of the chain of infection?
1. Infectious Agent
2. Reservoir
3. Portal of Exit
,4. Mode of Transmission
5. Portal of Entry
6. Susceptible Host
What factors would increase a person's susceptibility to infection?
Age
Underlying condition (HIV/AIDS)
Malignancy
Transplants
Medications (immunosuppressants, antirejection meds, corticosteroids, gastric suppressants)
Surgical procedures
Radiation therapy
Indwelling devices
What is the #1 tool we have for breaking the chain of infection?
Washing our hands, it is the most cost effective means of preventing infection.
Alcohol-based hand sanitize
Rub hands together until dry
Does not work on soiled hands
Generally less drying than soap
Antimicrobial soap
Scribe for at least 20 seconds
Warm water
,When are antimicrobial handwashes used?
Antimicrobial handwashes (with active ingredients like chlorhexidine or triclosan) hand rubs
contain an antimicrobial solution. These handwashes are used to wash the hands in combination
with water. The hand rubs are applied to the surfaces of the hands to decrease microbe load,
using the same hand hygiene techniques as are used with hand sanitizer.
What is an antiseptic?
Chemicals used on living tissue to kill microbes examples include:
Alcohols
Chlorhexidine
Chlorine
Chloroxylenol (parachlorometaxylenol [PCMX])
HexachloropheneIodine/iodophors
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Triclosan
Medical asepsis versus surgical asepsis
Medical asepsis (clean technique) is a term used to define the reduction of disease-causing
micro-organisms
Staff who are performing surgical procedures must use surgical asepsis to prevent transmission
of pathogens to the client, thereby protecting the client from infection. Surgical asepsis ensures
, that items such as gloves and equipment are sterile, meaning that they do not have micro-
organisms present on them.
Standard Precautions
Applies to all patients, PPE is chosen based on what the nurse expects to come in contact with.
Includes principles like foam in, foam out, etc.
Contact Precautions
Practices used to prevent spread of disease by direct or indirect contact
Ex. Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus (VRE), MRSE, draining skin infections
Enteric Precautions
Gowns and gloves required, you must wash your hands with soap and water after exiting room.
ex. C.Diff, norovirus, rotavirus, e.coli, salmonella, etc.
Droplet precautions
Must be followed for a patient known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by
large-particle droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, talking, or laughing.
Examples: Covid, Flu, bacterial meningitis, whooping cough, mumps, rubella etc.
Airborne Precautions
Methods of infection control that must be used for patients known or suspected to be infected
with pathogens transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei.
