PSYCH 1111 TRU FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
2026
Empirical - ANS relying on or derived from observation, experimentation, or measurement
psychology - ANS the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
psychobabble - ANS Pseudoscience and quackery covered by a veneer of psychological and
scientific-sounding language
critical thinking - ANS The ability and willingness to assess claims and make objective
judgments on the basis of well-supported reasons and evidence rather than emotion or
anecdote
Occams Razor - ANS The principle of choosing the solution that accounts for the most
evidence while making the fewest unverified assumptions.
phrenology - ANS The now discredited theory that different brain areas account for specific
character and personality traits, which can be "read" from bumps on the skull.
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
1
,structuralism - ANS early psych approach that emphasized the analysis of immediate
experiences into basic elements
functionalism - ANS an early psychological approach that emphasized the function or
purpose of behavior and consciousness
psychoanalysis - ANS Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to
unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by
seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
biological perspective - ANS approach that emphasizes bodily events and changes associated
with actions feelings and thoughts
evolutionary psychology - ANS emphasizes the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and
"survival of the fittest" in shaping behavior
learning perspective - ANS emphasizes how the environment and experience affect a
person/animal actions
behaviorism - ANS emphasizes the study of observable behavior and the role of the
environment and prior experiences as determinant of behavior
cognitive perspective - ANS A psychological approach that emphasizes mental processes in
perception, memory, language, problem solving, and other areas of behavior
socioculture perspective - ANS perspective that focuses on the relationship between social
behavior and culture
psychodynamic perspective - ANS emphasizes unconscious dynamics within the individual,
such as inner forces, conflicts, or the movement of instinctual energy
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
2
,humanist psychology - ANS a psychological approach that emphasizes personal growth,
resilience, and the achievement of human potential
feminist psychology - ANS a psychological approach that analyzes the influence of social
inequities on gender relations and on the behavior of the two sexes
psychological practice - ANS providing health or mental health services
basic psychology - ANS the study of psychological issues in order to seek knowledge for its
own sake rather than for its practical application
applied psychology - ANS The study of psychological issues that have direct practical
significance; also, the application of psychological findings.
psychotherapist - ANS
psychoanalyst - ANS a person who has obtained specialized training at a psychoanalysis
institute
psychiatrist - ANS A medical doctor who has specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of
psychological disorders
theory - ANS an organized system of assumptions and principles that purports to explain a
specified set of phenomena and interrelationships
operational definition - ANS A precise definition of a term in a hypothesis, which specifies the
operations for observing and measuring the process or phenomenon being defined.
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
, principle of falsifiability - ANS The principle that a scientific theory must make predictions
that are specific enough to expose the theory to the possibility of disconfirmation; that is, the
theory must predict not only what will happen but also what will not happen.
confirmation bias - ANS the tendency to look for or pay attention only to information that
confirms one's own belief
representative sample - ANS A group of individuals, selected from a population for study,
which matches the population on important characteristics such as age and sex.
descriptive methods - ANS methods that yield descriptions of behaviors but not necessarily
casual explanations
case study - ANS a detailed description or particular individual being studied or treated
observational study - ANS a study in which the researcher carefully and systematically
observes and records behavior without interfering with the behavior; it may involve either
naturalistic or laboratory observation
psychological tests - ANS procedures used to measure and evaluate personality traits,
emotional states, aptitudes, interests, abilities, and values
standardize - ANS to develop uniform procedures for giving and scoring a test
norms - ANS established standard of performance
reliability - ANS consistency of scores derived from one time and place to another
validitiy - ANS the ability of a test to measure what it was designed to measure
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
4
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
2026
Empirical - ANS relying on or derived from observation, experimentation, or measurement
psychology - ANS the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
psychobabble - ANS Pseudoscience and quackery covered by a veneer of psychological and
scientific-sounding language
critical thinking - ANS The ability and willingness to assess claims and make objective
judgments on the basis of well-supported reasons and evidence rather than emotion or
anecdote
Occams Razor - ANS The principle of choosing the solution that accounts for the most
evidence while making the fewest unverified assumptions.
phrenology - ANS The now discredited theory that different brain areas account for specific
character and personality traits, which can be "read" from bumps on the skull.
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
1
,structuralism - ANS early psych approach that emphasized the analysis of immediate
experiences into basic elements
functionalism - ANS an early psychological approach that emphasized the function or
purpose of behavior and consciousness
psychoanalysis - ANS Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to
unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by
seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
biological perspective - ANS approach that emphasizes bodily events and changes associated
with actions feelings and thoughts
evolutionary psychology - ANS emphasizes the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and
"survival of the fittest" in shaping behavior
learning perspective - ANS emphasizes how the environment and experience affect a
person/animal actions
behaviorism - ANS emphasizes the study of observable behavior and the role of the
environment and prior experiences as determinant of behavior
cognitive perspective - ANS A psychological approach that emphasizes mental processes in
perception, memory, language, problem solving, and other areas of behavior
socioculture perspective - ANS perspective that focuses on the relationship between social
behavior and culture
psychodynamic perspective - ANS emphasizes unconscious dynamics within the individual,
such as inner forces, conflicts, or the movement of instinctual energy
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
2
,humanist psychology - ANS a psychological approach that emphasizes personal growth,
resilience, and the achievement of human potential
feminist psychology - ANS a psychological approach that analyzes the influence of social
inequities on gender relations and on the behavior of the two sexes
psychological practice - ANS providing health or mental health services
basic psychology - ANS the study of psychological issues in order to seek knowledge for its
own sake rather than for its practical application
applied psychology - ANS The study of psychological issues that have direct practical
significance; also, the application of psychological findings.
psychotherapist - ANS
psychoanalyst - ANS a person who has obtained specialized training at a psychoanalysis
institute
psychiatrist - ANS A medical doctor who has specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of
psychological disorders
theory - ANS an organized system of assumptions and principles that purports to explain a
specified set of phenomena and interrelationships
operational definition - ANS A precise definition of a term in a hypothesis, which specifies the
operations for observing and measuring the process or phenomenon being defined.
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
, principle of falsifiability - ANS The principle that a scientific theory must make predictions
that are specific enough to expose the theory to the possibility of disconfirmation; that is, the
theory must predict not only what will happen but also what will not happen.
confirmation bias - ANS the tendency to look for or pay attention only to information that
confirms one's own belief
representative sample - ANS A group of individuals, selected from a population for study,
which matches the population on important characteristics such as age and sex.
descriptive methods - ANS methods that yield descriptions of behaviors but not necessarily
casual explanations
case study - ANS a detailed description or particular individual being studied or treated
observational study - ANS a study in which the researcher carefully and systematically
observes and records behavior without interfering with the behavior; it may involve either
naturalistic or laboratory observation
psychological tests - ANS procedures used to measure and evaluate personality traits,
emotional states, aptitudes, interests, abilities, and values
standardize - ANS to develop uniform procedures for giving and scoring a test
norms - ANS established standard of performance
reliability - ANS consistency of scores derived from one time and place to another
validitiy - ANS the ability of a test to measure what it was designed to measure
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
4
