Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 9th Edition by Richard W. Brand
TEST BANK
Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 9th Edition by Richard W. Brand;
Donald E. Isselhard, Chapters 1 - 36 | Complete
TEST BANK
,Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 9th Edition by Richard W. Brand
UNIT I: INTRODUCTION
1. Oral Cavity
Unit I Test
Unit I Suggested Readings
UNIT II: DENTAL ANATOMY
2. The Tooth: Functions and Terms
3. Fundamental and Preventative Curvatures
4. Dentition
5. Development, Form, and Eruption
6. Occlusion
7. Dental Anomalies
8. Supporting Structures
9. Clinical Considerations
10. Tooth Identification
11. Root Morphology
12. Incisors
13. Canines
14. Premolars
15. Molars
16. Deciduous Dentition
Unit II Test
Unit II Suggested Readings
UNIT III: ORAL HISTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY
17. Basic Tissues
18. Development of Orofacial Complex
19. Dental Lamina and Enamel Organ
20. Enamel, Dentin, and Pulp
21. Root Formation and Attachment Apparatus
22. Eruption and Shedding of Teeth
23. Oral Mucous Membrane
24. The Tongue
25. Histology of the Salivary Glands Unit
III Test
Unit III Suggested Readings
UNIT IV: HEAD AND NECK ANATOMY
26. Osteology of the Skull
27. Nose, Nasal Cavity, and Paranasal Sinuses
28. Muscles of Mastication, Hyoid Muscles, and Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius Muscles
29. Temporomandibular Joint
30. Muscles of Facial Expression
31. Soft Palate and Pharynx
32. Arterial Supply and Venous Drainage
33. Salivary Glands
34. Nervous System
35. Lymphatics and Spread of Dental Infection
36. Anatomical Considerations in Local Anesthesia
,Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 9th Edition by Richard W. Brand
Chapter 01: Oral Cavity
Brand/Isselhard: Anatomy of Orofacial Structures, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A diastema is a space between two teeth in the same arch. When this occurs between the
maxillary central incisors, it is often the result of a pronounced labial frenum.
a. Both statements are true.
b. The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
c. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
d. Both statements are false.
ANSWER: A
A space, or lack of contact area, between any two teeth in the same arch is called a diastema.
When a diastema occurs between the maxillary central incisors, it is often the result of a
pronounced labial frenum extending to the crest of the alveolar ridge and possibly over the
ridge. This band of firm connective tissue causes the erupting incisors to be pushed aside
resulting in a diastema, or space. Correction of a diastema usually involves surgical removal,
or cutting, of the frenal tissue between teeth.
REF: p. 3
OBJ: To describe the boundaries and sub-boundaries of the oral cavity and the structures in each area
NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: oral
cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
2. Torus palatinus is seen on the
a. soft palate
b. hard palate
c. alveolar ridge
d. oral pharynx
ANSWER: B
Torus palatinus is excess bone growth and occurs in the midline of the hard palate. It may
grow to varying sizes and is generally only a problem when the construction of a maxillary
denture is necessary. In health, such bony protuberances, or excess bone growths, do not
occur on the soft palate, alveolar ridge, or oral pharynx.
REF: p. 5
OBJ: To define the terms vestibule, oral cavity proper, mucobuccal fold, frenum, alveolar mucosa,
,Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 9th Edition by Richard W. Brand
gingiva, exostoses, torus palatinus, and torus mandibularis
NAT: CDA: GC I.A.2. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to:
bones. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
3. Contraction of which muscle raises the tongue upward?
a. Mylohyoid
b. Palatopharyngeal
c. Palatoglossal
d. Levator glossal
ANSWER: A
Contraction of the mylohyoid muscle raises the tongue. The palatopharyngeal muscle and the
palatoglossal muscle form the posterolateral borders of the oral cavity. There is not a muscle
by the name of levator glossal.
REF: p. 7
OBJ: To define the landmarks in the floor of the mouth and the hard and soft palate and the structures
that form them
NAT: CDA: GC I.A.4. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to:
muscles. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
4. The oral vestibule is partially bordered by the lips and cheeks. The oral cavity proper extends
posteriorly to the soft palate.
a. Both statements are true.
b. The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
c. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
d. Both statements are false.
ANSWER: B
The oral vestibule is the space or potential space that exists between the lips or cheeks and
teeth. In an edentulous person, the vestibule would extend between the lips or cheeks and the
alveolar ridges. The oral cavity proper is surrounded by teeth or alveolar ridges and extends
all the way back to the palatine tonsils. This includes the region from the floor of the mouth
upward to the hard and soft palates.
REF: p. 2
OBJ: To describe the boundaries and sub-boundaries of the oral cavity and the structures in each area
NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: oral
cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
,Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 9th Edition by Richard W. Brand
5. Each of the following is true of the uvula EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
a. It is located at the most posterior portion of the hard palate.
b. It is located at the midline.
c. It is a downwardly projecting muscle.
d. It is necessary for swallowing.
ANSWER: D
The uvula is a downwardly projecting muscular tissue located at the midline of the most posterior
portion of the hard palate. It is NOT necessary for swallowing.
REF: p. 6
OBJ: To define the landmarks in the floor of the mouth and the hard and soft palate and the structu
res that form them
NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: o
ral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
6. The circumvallate papillae are located on the hard palate, buccal mucosa, and floor of t
he mouth. The papillae found on the tongue are the filiform, fungiform, vallate, foliate,
and incisive.
a. Both statements are true.
b. The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
c. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
d. Both statements are false.
ANSWER:w D
All papillae listed in both statements are located on the tongue with the exception of the inci
sive papilla, which is located on the hard palate. Note that the incisive papilla is a singular s
tructure, thus the different spelling. There are no papillae located on either the buccal mucos
a or the floor of the mouth.
REF: p. 7
OBJ: To define the landmarks in the floor of the mouth and the hard and soft palate and the structu
res that form them
NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: o
ral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
7. Each of the following structures can readily be viewed when examining the oral cavit
y EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
a. Fovea palatinae
b. Tonsillar pillars
c. Laryngeal pharynx
,Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 9th Edition by Richard W. Brand
d. Sublingual fold
ANSWER:w C
The laryngeal pharynx is located below the oral pharynx and cannot be seen while examinin
g the oral cavity. The fovea palatinae, the tonsillar pillars, and the sublingual fold can be se
en when examining the oral cavity. Fovea palatinae are small depressions in mucosa on eith
er side of the posterior nasal spine indicating the junction of the hard and soft palate. Tonsil
lar pillars are folds of tissue that partially surround the tonsils. The sublingual fold extends
backward on either side of t h Ne fU
loRoSr oIN
fwt hGe mBo.
utC
hwa nMd is situated just superior towthe submandi
bular gland.
REF: p. 2 | pp. 6-7
OBJ: To describe the boundaries and sub-boundaries of the oral cavity and the structures in each area
NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: o
ral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
8. Each of the following structures is located within the hard palate EXCEPT one. Which one
is the EXCEPTION?
a. Incisive papilla
b. Rugae
c. Greater palatine foramina
d. The anterior and posterior pillars
ANSWER:w D
The anterior and posterior pillars are located posterior to the soft palate. The posterior pillar
is also called the palatopharyngeal arch or fold. The anterior pillar is also called the palatog
lossal arch or fold. The tonsils lie between the anterior and posterior pillars.
The incisive papilla and rugae are located on the anterior portion of the hard palate. The gre
ater palatine foramina are located in the posterior portions of the hard palate lingual to the s
econd and third maxillary molars.
REF: pp. 5-6
OBJ: To define the landmarks in the floor of the mouth and the hard and soft palate and the structu
res that form them
NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: o
ral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
9. The small bony growths that commonly occur on the buccal cortical plate of the maxillae a
nd the mandible are called
,Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 9th Edition by Richard W. Brand
a. torus palatinus
b. mandibular tori
c. exostoses
d. maxillary tuberosity
ANSWER:w C
Exostoses, small bony growths that occur on the buccal cortical plate on the mandible and t
he maxillae, are seen in a large portion of the population. They are normally inconsequentia
l unless they become tender or a denture is needed. Exostoses occur more frequently on the
mandible than on the maxillae.
Torus palatinus are excess bony growths that commonly occur in the midline of the palate.
Mandibular tori are bony swellings that frequently occur on the lingual surface of the mand
ible at the canine area. The maxillary tuberosity is a rounded bony protrusion in the area of t
he third molar.
REF: p. 4
OBJ: To define the terms vestibule, oral cavity proper, mucobuccal fold, frenum, alveolar mucosa, gin
giva, exostoses, torus palatinus, and torus mandibularis
NAT: CDA: GC I.A.2. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited
to: bones. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
10. Which structure is the MOST vascular in appearance?
a. Mucogingival junction
b. Alveolar mucosa
c. Labial frenum
d. Gingiva
ANSWER:w B
The alveolar mucosa, a thin layer of loosely attached and movable tissue, covers a highly v
ascular area. The presence of blood vessels immediately under this relatively thin mucosa is
responsible for the general reddish color. By contrast, the mucogingival junction that divide
s the attached gingiva from the alveolar mucosa appears more pink in color. The gingiva an
d labial frenum also appear pink in color.
REF: p. 2
OBJ: To define the terms vestibule, oral cavity proper, mucobuccal fold, frenum, alveolar mucosa, gin
giva, exostoses, torus palatinus, and torus mandibularis
NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: o
ral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
, Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 9th Edition by Richard W. Brand
11. Although a patient presenting with painful areas throughout the oral cavity or a child prese
nting with gingival bleeding in the presence of excellent oral hygiene should be monitored
carefully, referral to a dental specialist or physician is not indicated. A patient with a red an
d painful tongue does warrant such a referral as does a patient with moderate plaque on all
teeth.
a. Both statements are true.
b. The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
c. The first statement is false, the second statement is true.
d. Both statements are false.
ANSWER:w D
Of the four situations presented in this two-
part question, only the patient with moderate plaque on all teeth does NOT warrant referral
to a specialist. This patient should receive appropriate oral hygiene instructions, oral debride
ment, and be carefully monitored with short re-
care appointments. The remaining three oral conditions described in the question describe c
onditions suggestive of systemic involvement and warrant further investigation, typically ref
erral to a dental specialist or physician. In particular, gingival bleeding in the presence of e
xcellent oral hygiene is a possible early sign of leukemia.
REF: p. 8
OBJ: To differentiate normal from abnormal anatomy in the oral cavity and to ensure a follow-
up examination
NAT: CDA: GC I.A.1. Identify basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology and developme
nt, including but not limited to: oral cavity.TOP: BLOOM: Analyzing
12. Which structure is most closely located to the lingual frenum?
a. Sublingual caruncle
b. Sublingual salivary gland
c. Sublingual fold
d. Lingual tonsils
e. All of the above
ANSWER:w A
The sublingual caruncle, a small elevation on each side of the base of the lingual frenum, is
the opening for the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. Of the structures provide
d in the question, it is located most closely to the lingual frenum. The sublingual fold exten
ds posteriorly from the sublingual caruncle. The lingual tonsils are located at the base of the
TEST BANK
Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 9th Edition by Richard W. Brand;
Donald E. Isselhard, Chapters 1 - 36 | Complete
TEST BANK
,Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 9th Edition by Richard W. Brand
UNIT I: INTRODUCTION
1. Oral Cavity
Unit I Test
Unit I Suggested Readings
UNIT II: DENTAL ANATOMY
2. The Tooth: Functions and Terms
3. Fundamental and Preventative Curvatures
4. Dentition
5. Development, Form, and Eruption
6. Occlusion
7. Dental Anomalies
8. Supporting Structures
9. Clinical Considerations
10. Tooth Identification
11. Root Morphology
12. Incisors
13. Canines
14. Premolars
15. Molars
16. Deciduous Dentition
Unit II Test
Unit II Suggested Readings
UNIT III: ORAL HISTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY
17. Basic Tissues
18. Development of Orofacial Complex
19. Dental Lamina and Enamel Organ
20. Enamel, Dentin, and Pulp
21. Root Formation and Attachment Apparatus
22. Eruption and Shedding of Teeth
23. Oral Mucous Membrane
24. The Tongue
25. Histology of the Salivary Glands Unit
III Test
Unit III Suggested Readings
UNIT IV: HEAD AND NECK ANATOMY
26. Osteology of the Skull
27. Nose, Nasal Cavity, and Paranasal Sinuses
28. Muscles of Mastication, Hyoid Muscles, and Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius Muscles
29. Temporomandibular Joint
30. Muscles of Facial Expression
31. Soft Palate and Pharynx
32. Arterial Supply and Venous Drainage
33. Salivary Glands
34. Nervous System
35. Lymphatics and Spread of Dental Infection
36. Anatomical Considerations in Local Anesthesia
,Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 9th Edition by Richard W. Brand
Chapter 01: Oral Cavity
Brand/Isselhard: Anatomy of Orofacial Structures, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A diastema is a space between two teeth in the same arch. When this occurs between the
maxillary central incisors, it is often the result of a pronounced labial frenum.
a. Both statements are true.
b. The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
c. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
d. Both statements are false.
ANSWER: A
A space, or lack of contact area, between any two teeth in the same arch is called a diastema.
When a diastema occurs between the maxillary central incisors, it is often the result of a
pronounced labial frenum extending to the crest of the alveolar ridge and possibly over the
ridge. This band of firm connective tissue causes the erupting incisors to be pushed aside
resulting in a diastema, or space. Correction of a diastema usually involves surgical removal,
or cutting, of the frenal tissue between teeth.
REF: p. 3
OBJ: To describe the boundaries and sub-boundaries of the oral cavity and the structures in each area
NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: oral
cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
2. Torus palatinus is seen on the
a. soft palate
b. hard palate
c. alveolar ridge
d. oral pharynx
ANSWER: B
Torus palatinus is excess bone growth and occurs in the midline of the hard palate. It may
grow to varying sizes and is generally only a problem when the construction of a maxillary
denture is necessary. In health, such bony protuberances, or excess bone growths, do not
occur on the soft palate, alveolar ridge, or oral pharynx.
REF: p. 5
OBJ: To define the terms vestibule, oral cavity proper, mucobuccal fold, frenum, alveolar mucosa,
,Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 9th Edition by Richard W. Brand
gingiva, exostoses, torus palatinus, and torus mandibularis
NAT: CDA: GC I.A.2. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to:
bones. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
3. Contraction of which muscle raises the tongue upward?
a. Mylohyoid
b. Palatopharyngeal
c. Palatoglossal
d. Levator glossal
ANSWER: A
Contraction of the mylohyoid muscle raises the tongue. The palatopharyngeal muscle and the
palatoglossal muscle form the posterolateral borders of the oral cavity. There is not a muscle
by the name of levator glossal.
REF: p. 7
OBJ: To define the landmarks in the floor of the mouth and the hard and soft palate and the structures
that form them
NAT: CDA: GC I.A.4. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to:
muscles. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
4. The oral vestibule is partially bordered by the lips and cheeks. The oral cavity proper extends
posteriorly to the soft palate.
a. Both statements are true.
b. The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
c. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
d. Both statements are false.
ANSWER: B
The oral vestibule is the space or potential space that exists between the lips or cheeks and
teeth. In an edentulous person, the vestibule would extend between the lips or cheeks and the
alveolar ridges. The oral cavity proper is surrounded by teeth or alveolar ridges and extends
all the way back to the palatine tonsils. This includes the region from the floor of the mouth
upward to the hard and soft palates.
REF: p. 2
OBJ: To describe the boundaries and sub-boundaries of the oral cavity and the structures in each area
NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: oral
cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
,Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 9th Edition by Richard W. Brand
5. Each of the following is true of the uvula EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
a. It is located at the most posterior portion of the hard palate.
b. It is located at the midline.
c. It is a downwardly projecting muscle.
d. It is necessary for swallowing.
ANSWER: D
The uvula is a downwardly projecting muscular tissue located at the midline of the most posterior
portion of the hard palate. It is NOT necessary for swallowing.
REF: p. 6
OBJ: To define the landmarks in the floor of the mouth and the hard and soft palate and the structu
res that form them
NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: o
ral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
6. The circumvallate papillae are located on the hard palate, buccal mucosa, and floor of t
he mouth. The papillae found on the tongue are the filiform, fungiform, vallate, foliate,
and incisive.
a. Both statements are true.
b. The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
c. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
d. Both statements are false.
ANSWER:w D
All papillae listed in both statements are located on the tongue with the exception of the inci
sive papilla, which is located on the hard palate. Note that the incisive papilla is a singular s
tructure, thus the different spelling. There are no papillae located on either the buccal mucos
a or the floor of the mouth.
REF: p. 7
OBJ: To define the landmarks in the floor of the mouth and the hard and soft palate and the structu
res that form them
NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: o
ral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
7. Each of the following structures can readily be viewed when examining the oral cavit
y EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
a. Fovea palatinae
b. Tonsillar pillars
c. Laryngeal pharynx
,Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 9th Edition by Richard W. Brand
d. Sublingual fold
ANSWER:w C
The laryngeal pharynx is located below the oral pharynx and cannot be seen while examinin
g the oral cavity. The fovea palatinae, the tonsillar pillars, and the sublingual fold can be se
en when examining the oral cavity. Fovea palatinae are small depressions in mucosa on eith
er side of the posterior nasal spine indicating the junction of the hard and soft palate. Tonsil
lar pillars are folds of tissue that partially surround the tonsils. The sublingual fold extends
backward on either side of t h Ne fU
loRoSr oIN
fwt hGe mBo.
utC
hwa nMd is situated just superior towthe submandi
bular gland.
REF: p. 2 | pp. 6-7
OBJ: To describe the boundaries and sub-boundaries of the oral cavity and the structures in each area
NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: o
ral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
8. Each of the following structures is located within the hard palate EXCEPT one. Which one
is the EXCEPTION?
a. Incisive papilla
b. Rugae
c. Greater palatine foramina
d. The anterior and posterior pillars
ANSWER:w D
The anterior and posterior pillars are located posterior to the soft palate. The posterior pillar
is also called the palatopharyngeal arch or fold. The anterior pillar is also called the palatog
lossal arch or fold. The tonsils lie between the anterior and posterior pillars.
The incisive papilla and rugae are located on the anterior portion of the hard palate. The gre
ater palatine foramina are located in the posterior portions of the hard palate lingual to the s
econd and third maxillary molars.
REF: pp. 5-6
OBJ: To define the landmarks in the floor of the mouth and the hard and soft palate and the structu
res that form them
NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: o
ral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
9. The small bony growths that commonly occur on the buccal cortical plate of the maxillae a
nd the mandible are called
,Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 9th Edition by Richard W. Brand
a. torus palatinus
b. mandibular tori
c. exostoses
d. maxillary tuberosity
ANSWER:w C
Exostoses, small bony growths that occur on the buccal cortical plate on the mandible and t
he maxillae, are seen in a large portion of the population. They are normally inconsequentia
l unless they become tender or a denture is needed. Exostoses occur more frequently on the
mandible than on the maxillae.
Torus palatinus are excess bony growths that commonly occur in the midline of the palate.
Mandibular tori are bony swellings that frequently occur on the lingual surface of the mand
ible at the canine area. The maxillary tuberosity is a rounded bony protrusion in the area of t
he third molar.
REF: p. 4
OBJ: To define the terms vestibule, oral cavity proper, mucobuccal fold, frenum, alveolar mucosa, gin
giva, exostoses, torus palatinus, and torus mandibularis
NAT: CDA: GC I.A.2. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited
to: bones. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
10. Which structure is the MOST vascular in appearance?
a. Mucogingival junction
b. Alveolar mucosa
c. Labial frenum
d. Gingiva
ANSWER:w B
The alveolar mucosa, a thin layer of loosely attached and movable tissue, covers a highly v
ascular area. The presence of blood vessels immediately under this relatively thin mucosa is
responsible for the general reddish color. By contrast, the mucogingival junction that divide
s the attached gingiva from the alveolar mucosa appears more pink in color. The gingiva an
d labial frenum also appear pink in color.
REF: p. 2
OBJ: To define the terms vestibule, oral cavity proper, mucobuccal fold, frenum, alveolar mucosa, gin
giva, exostoses, torus palatinus, and torus mandibularis
NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: o
ral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
, Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 9th Edition by Richard W. Brand
11. Although a patient presenting with painful areas throughout the oral cavity or a child prese
nting with gingival bleeding in the presence of excellent oral hygiene should be monitored
carefully, referral to a dental specialist or physician is not indicated. A patient with a red an
d painful tongue does warrant such a referral as does a patient with moderate plaque on all
teeth.
a. Both statements are true.
b. The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
c. The first statement is false, the second statement is true.
d. Both statements are false.
ANSWER:w D
Of the four situations presented in this two-
part question, only the patient with moderate plaque on all teeth does NOT warrant referral
to a specialist. This patient should receive appropriate oral hygiene instructions, oral debride
ment, and be carefully monitored with short re-
care appointments. The remaining three oral conditions described in the question describe c
onditions suggestive of systemic involvement and warrant further investigation, typically ref
erral to a dental specialist or physician. In particular, gingival bleeding in the presence of e
xcellent oral hygiene is a possible early sign of leukemia.
REF: p. 8
OBJ: To differentiate normal from abnormal anatomy in the oral cavity and to ensure a follow-
up examination
NAT: CDA: GC I.A.1. Identify basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology and developme
nt, including but not limited to: oral cavity.TOP: BLOOM: Analyzing
12. Which structure is most closely located to the lingual frenum?
a. Sublingual caruncle
b. Sublingual salivary gland
c. Sublingual fold
d. Lingual tonsils
e. All of the above
ANSWER:w A
The sublingual caruncle, a small elevation on each side of the base of the lingual frenum, is
the opening for the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. Of the structures provide
d in the question, it is located most closely to the lingual frenum. The sublingual fold exten
ds posteriorly from the sublingual caruncle. The lingual tonsils are located at the base of the
