NP 235 QUIZ 6 COMPREHENSIVE TEST 2026
TESTED QUESTIONS
◉ Potassium Deficiency (Hypokalemia). Answer: major causes
include:
kidney disease
overuse of diuretics
excess sweating, diarrhea, and vomiting
magnesium deficiency
use of antibiotics, such as penicillin
◉ Signs of a potassium deficiency include:. Answer: extreme fatigue
muscle spasms, weakness, or cramping
irregular heartbeat
constipation, nausea, or vomiting
◉ Potassium Overload (Hyperkalemia). Answer: Risk factors for
overdose include:
taking too many potassium supplements
kidney disease
prolonged exercise
cocaine use
,potassium-conserving diuretics
chemotherapy
diabetes
severe burns
The most obvious symptom of potassium excess is an abnormal
heartbeat. Severe cases can lead to death
◉ Chloride (Hyperchloremia). Answer: An important electrolyte that
is responsible for maintaining the acid-base (pH) balance in the
body, regulating fluids, and transmitting nerve impulses. The
kidneys play an important role in the regulation of chloride in the
body,
◉ Chloride normal range. Answer: 98-107 mEq/L
◉ Hypochloremia. Answer: caused by any of the following
conditions:
congestive heart failure
prolonged diarrhea or vomiting
chronic lung disease, such as emphysema
metabolic alkalosis, when the blood pH is higher than normal
Certain types of drugs, such as laxatives, diuretics, corticosteroids,
and bicarbonates, can also cause hypochloremia
, ◉ Hyperchloremia. Answer: excessive sodium chloride intake
◉ Signs of hyperchloremia include:. Answer: fatigue
muscle weakness
excessive thirst
dry membranes
high blood pressure
◉ Calcium. Answer: needed for the heart and other muscles to
function properly. If children do not get enough, they may not grow
to their full height as adults.
◉ Calcium normal range. Answer: Normal Range: 8.4 - 10.6 mg/dL
◉ Hypocalcemia. Answer: Results from disorders in which there is a
shift of calcium into the bone
Calcium deficit upsets the stability of nerve membranes, causing
abnormalities in nerve conduction and muscle contractions.
◉ Trousseau Sign. Answer: place a blood pressure cuff on the arm,
inflate above systolic pressure, and hold for 3 minutes; if a spasm of
the hand occurs, the reaction is positive
TESTED QUESTIONS
◉ Potassium Deficiency (Hypokalemia). Answer: major causes
include:
kidney disease
overuse of diuretics
excess sweating, diarrhea, and vomiting
magnesium deficiency
use of antibiotics, such as penicillin
◉ Signs of a potassium deficiency include:. Answer: extreme fatigue
muscle spasms, weakness, or cramping
irregular heartbeat
constipation, nausea, or vomiting
◉ Potassium Overload (Hyperkalemia). Answer: Risk factors for
overdose include:
taking too many potassium supplements
kidney disease
prolonged exercise
cocaine use
,potassium-conserving diuretics
chemotherapy
diabetes
severe burns
The most obvious symptom of potassium excess is an abnormal
heartbeat. Severe cases can lead to death
◉ Chloride (Hyperchloremia). Answer: An important electrolyte that
is responsible for maintaining the acid-base (pH) balance in the
body, regulating fluids, and transmitting nerve impulses. The
kidneys play an important role in the regulation of chloride in the
body,
◉ Chloride normal range. Answer: 98-107 mEq/L
◉ Hypochloremia. Answer: caused by any of the following
conditions:
congestive heart failure
prolonged diarrhea or vomiting
chronic lung disease, such as emphysema
metabolic alkalosis, when the blood pH is higher than normal
Certain types of drugs, such as laxatives, diuretics, corticosteroids,
and bicarbonates, can also cause hypochloremia
, ◉ Hyperchloremia. Answer: excessive sodium chloride intake
◉ Signs of hyperchloremia include:. Answer: fatigue
muscle weakness
excessive thirst
dry membranes
high blood pressure
◉ Calcium. Answer: needed for the heart and other muscles to
function properly. If children do not get enough, they may not grow
to their full height as adults.
◉ Calcium normal range. Answer: Normal Range: 8.4 - 10.6 mg/dL
◉ Hypocalcemia. Answer: Results from disorders in which there is a
shift of calcium into the bone
Calcium deficit upsets the stability of nerve membranes, causing
abnormalities in nerve conduction and muscle contractions.
◉ Trousseau Sign. Answer: place a blood pressure cuff on the arm,
inflate above systolic pressure, and hold for 3 minutes; if a spasm of
the hand occurs, the reaction is positive
