PSYC 2081 Final Exam (UNSW) Questions With
Correct Answers
First |psychology |lab |established |by |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Wilhelm |Wundt
Year |first |psych |lab |was |established |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1879
First |man |to |propose |a |mechanism |for |evolutionary |change |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Jean-
Baptiste |Lamarck
Theory: |living |species |have |an |innate |drive |to |protect |itself, |and |acquired |characteristics |are |
HEREDITARY |and |can |be |passed |on |to |progeny |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Jean-Baptiste |Lamarck
Giraffe |growing |neck |theory |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Jean-Baptiste |Lamarck
Name |of |Darwin's |ship |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Voyage |of |the |Beagle
Argued |that |in |nature, |plants |and |animals |produce |more |offspring |than |can |survive |and |that |
humans |are |also |capable |of |overproducing |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Thomas |Malthus
Theory: |evolution |by |natural |selection |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Charles |Darwin
Name |of |Darwin's |book |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |Origin |of |Species |by |Means |of |Natural |
Selection
,Argued |that |humans |were |the |product |of |evolution |in |his |book, |Evidence |for |Man's |Place |in |
Nature |(1863) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Thomas |Huxley
Argued |that |natural |selection |does |NOT |explain |the |human |mind, |rather |divine |intervention |
had |created |consciousness |in |higher |animals |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Alfred |Wallace
Darwin's |4 |reasons |that |mental |faculties |in |higher |animals |are |explained |by |natural |selection. |-
|CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |Sexual |selection
2. |Human |intellect |is |not |unique
3. |Similar |emotional |expression |across |species
4. |Human |emotion |is |inherited
Found |linear |progress |of |evolution |from |"lower" |to |"higher" |with |humans |as |the |highest |form |
of |evolved |life |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-George |Romanes
Romanes |2 |criteria |for |mind: |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |Nervous |system
2. |Evidence |of |learning |and |memory
Theory |that |simple |psychological |processes |can |interact |with |environment |to |produce |highly |
complex |behavior |(i.e. |natural |selection) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Morgan's |Canon
Trial-and-error |learning |in |animals; |originally |found |that |satisfaction |(reward) |establishes |
connections |while |dissatisfaction |(punishment) |breaks |them |using |puzzle |boxes |for |cats |and |
dogs |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Edward |Thorndike
Studied |maze |learning |in |rates |and |innate |behavior |of |birds; |instincts |and |learning |
connections. |Also |studied |INFANTS: |figured |that |stimuli |elicit |fear |in |"little |Albert" |because |of |
Pavlovian |conditioning |of |emotional |responses |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-John |Watson
,Classical |conditioning; |studied |dogs |and |salivation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Ivan |Pavlov
Studied |feeding |in |rats |and |realized |he |could |study |instrumental |(operant) |conditioned |
responses |via |presses |of |bar |providing |access |to |food |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-B.F. |Skinner
reinforcement |increases |likelihood |of |behavior |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Operant |conditioning
Occasionally |reinforcing |a |response |is |(more/less) |effective |in |maintaining |that |response |than |
rewarding |a |response |on |each |occurence |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-more
A |_____ |_______ |n |is |where |n |responses |are |required. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-fixed |ratio
A |_____ |______ |n |is |where |n |responses |on |average |are |required |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
variable |ratio
Does |fixed |or |variable |ratio |produce |higher |levels |of |responding? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
variable
A |_____ |_______ |is |where |behavior |is |reinforced |after |a |fixed |period |of |time. |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-fixed |interval
A |_____ |_______ |is |where |behavior |is |reinforced |at |different |periods |of |time |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-variable |interval
Type |of |reinforcement |schedule: |a |fruit |picker |is |paid |by |the |number |of |baskets |filled |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-fixed |ratio
Type |of |reinforcement |schedule: |when |fishing, |casting |the |line |is |reinforced |by |the |fish |
intermittently |biting |the |hook |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-variable |ratio
, Type |of |reinforcement |schedule: |doing |well |on |an |exam |depends |on |studying |(exams |occur |at |
regular |times) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-fixed |interval
Type |of |reinforcement |schedule: |poker |machines |pay |off |on |a |variable |schedule |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-variable |interval
Law |that |says |that |we |allocate |our |behavior |in |proportion |to |the |value |derived |from |each |
activity |(i.e. |if |the |value |of |socializing |is |twice |the |value |of |studying, |we |allocate |twice |the |
amount |of |behavior |to |socializing |than |studying) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Matching |law
Pavlovian |conditioning |= |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Classical |conditioning
Operant |conditioning |= |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Instrumental |conditioning
Type |of |conditioning |involving |US, |CS, |US |and |UR |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Pavlovian/classical
Two |events |are |more |likely |to |be |associated |when |they |occur |together |than |when |their |
presentations |are |separated |in |time |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-association |by |temporal |
contiguity
Is |temporal |contiguity |sufficient |for |associative |learning? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-no
An |additional |US |causes |no |CR |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |blocking |effect
Learning |about |the |CS |failed |when |it |is |accompanied |by... |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-better |
predictor |of |the |US
Correct Answers
First |psychology |lab |established |by |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Wilhelm |Wundt
Year |first |psych |lab |was |established |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1879
First |man |to |propose |a |mechanism |for |evolutionary |change |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Jean-
Baptiste |Lamarck
Theory: |living |species |have |an |innate |drive |to |protect |itself, |and |acquired |characteristics |are |
HEREDITARY |and |can |be |passed |on |to |progeny |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Jean-Baptiste |Lamarck
Giraffe |growing |neck |theory |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Jean-Baptiste |Lamarck
Name |of |Darwin's |ship |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Voyage |of |the |Beagle
Argued |that |in |nature, |plants |and |animals |produce |more |offspring |than |can |survive |and |that |
humans |are |also |capable |of |overproducing |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Thomas |Malthus
Theory: |evolution |by |natural |selection |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Charles |Darwin
Name |of |Darwin's |book |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |Origin |of |Species |by |Means |of |Natural |
Selection
,Argued |that |humans |were |the |product |of |evolution |in |his |book, |Evidence |for |Man's |Place |in |
Nature |(1863) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Thomas |Huxley
Argued |that |natural |selection |does |NOT |explain |the |human |mind, |rather |divine |intervention |
had |created |consciousness |in |higher |animals |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Alfred |Wallace
Darwin's |4 |reasons |that |mental |faculties |in |higher |animals |are |explained |by |natural |selection. |-
|CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |Sexual |selection
2. |Human |intellect |is |not |unique
3. |Similar |emotional |expression |across |species
4. |Human |emotion |is |inherited
Found |linear |progress |of |evolution |from |"lower" |to |"higher" |with |humans |as |the |highest |form |
of |evolved |life |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-George |Romanes
Romanes |2 |criteria |for |mind: |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |Nervous |system
2. |Evidence |of |learning |and |memory
Theory |that |simple |psychological |processes |can |interact |with |environment |to |produce |highly |
complex |behavior |(i.e. |natural |selection) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Morgan's |Canon
Trial-and-error |learning |in |animals; |originally |found |that |satisfaction |(reward) |establishes |
connections |while |dissatisfaction |(punishment) |breaks |them |using |puzzle |boxes |for |cats |and |
dogs |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Edward |Thorndike
Studied |maze |learning |in |rates |and |innate |behavior |of |birds; |instincts |and |learning |
connections. |Also |studied |INFANTS: |figured |that |stimuli |elicit |fear |in |"little |Albert" |because |of |
Pavlovian |conditioning |of |emotional |responses |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-John |Watson
,Classical |conditioning; |studied |dogs |and |salivation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Ivan |Pavlov
Studied |feeding |in |rats |and |realized |he |could |study |instrumental |(operant) |conditioned |
responses |via |presses |of |bar |providing |access |to |food |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-B.F. |Skinner
reinforcement |increases |likelihood |of |behavior |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Operant |conditioning
Occasionally |reinforcing |a |response |is |(more/less) |effective |in |maintaining |that |response |than |
rewarding |a |response |on |each |occurence |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-more
A |_____ |_______ |n |is |where |n |responses |are |required. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-fixed |ratio
A |_____ |______ |n |is |where |n |responses |on |average |are |required |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
variable |ratio
Does |fixed |or |variable |ratio |produce |higher |levels |of |responding? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
variable
A |_____ |_______ |is |where |behavior |is |reinforced |after |a |fixed |period |of |time. |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-fixed |interval
A |_____ |_______ |is |where |behavior |is |reinforced |at |different |periods |of |time |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-variable |interval
Type |of |reinforcement |schedule: |a |fruit |picker |is |paid |by |the |number |of |baskets |filled |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-fixed |ratio
Type |of |reinforcement |schedule: |when |fishing, |casting |the |line |is |reinforced |by |the |fish |
intermittently |biting |the |hook |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-variable |ratio
, Type |of |reinforcement |schedule: |doing |well |on |an |exam |depends |on |studying |(exams |occur |at |
regular |times) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-fixed |interval
Type |of |reinforcement |schedule: |poker |machines |pay |off |on |a |variable |schedule |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-variable |interval
Law |that |says |that |we |allocate |our |behavior |in |proportion |to |the |value |derived |from |each |
activity |(i.e. |if |the |value |of |socializing |is |twice |the |value |of |studying, |we |allocate |twice |the |
amount |of |behavior |to |socializing |than |studying) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Matching |law
Pavlovian |conditioning |= |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Classical |conditioning
Operant |conditioning |= |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Instrumental |conditioning
Type |of |conditioning |involving |US, |CS, |US |and |UR |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Pavlovian/classical
Two |events |are |more |likely |to |be |associated |when |they |occur |together |than |when |their |
presentations |are |separated |in |time |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-association |by |temporal |
contiguity
Is |temporal |contiguity |sufficient |for |associative |learning? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-no
An |additional |US |causes |no |CR |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |blocking |effect
Learning |about |the |CS |failed |when |it |is |accompanied |by... |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-better |
predictor |of |the |US
