Toxicology Exam 1 with 100% Correct
Solutions
When considering the dose-response relationship for an essential substance______ -
ANSWER-adverse responses increase in severity with increasing or decreasing
dosages outside of the homeostatic range.
T/F: Modern toxicology is concerned with the study of the adverse effects of chemicals
on ancient forms of life - ANSWER-False
T/F. Modern toxicology studies embrace principles from such disciplines as
biochemistry, botany, chemistry, physiology, and physics. - ANSWER-True
Knowledge of the toxicology of poisonous agents was published earliest in the _____ -
ANSWER-Ebers papyrus
concerned with disease
caused by or uniquely
associated with toxic
substances. Generally,
clinical toxicologists are
physicians who receive
specialized training in
emergency medicine and
poison management. - ANSWER-Clinical
Enzyme inhibition - ANSWER-biochemical pathway interruption
Cytotoxicity - ANSWER-cell death
Inflammation - ANSWER-local or systemic response
Necrosis - ANSWER-Tissue death
Neoplasia - ANSWER-Forming of tumors
occurs when one substance
does not have a toxic effect on a certain
organ or system but when added to another
chemical makes that chemical much more
toxic - ANSWER-Potentiation
, occurs when two chemicals
administered together interfere with each
other's actions or one interferes with the
action of the other - ANSWER-Antagonism
Place the following mechanisms of toxin delivery in order from most effective to least
effective: 1: intravaneous, 2:subcutaneous, 3:oral; 4:inhalation; 5:dermal - ANSWER-
Intravenous, inhalation, subcutaneous, oral, dermal
Most chemicals and their metabolic products are not sufficiently large to be recognized
by the immune system as a foreign substance and thus must first combine w/ an
endogenous protein to form an antigen. Such a molecule is called a ______ -
ANSWER-hapten
The hapten-protein complex is called the __ - ANSWER-antigen
Toxic chemicals are most likely to be biotransformed in which of the following organs? -
ANSWER-Liver
When chemicals A and B are administered simultaneously, their combined effects are
far greater than the sum of their effects when given alone. The chemical interaction
between chemicals A and B can be described as what? - ANSWER-Synergistic
Quantal dose-response relationships allow for the analysis of what? - ANSWER-A
population's response to varying dosage
___ effect happens when the combined effects of two chemicals are much greater than
the sum of the effects of each agent alone. - ANSWER-synergistic
___ occur when one substance does not have a toxic effect on a certain organ or
system, but when added to another chemical makes that chemical much more toxic. -
ANSWER-Potentiation
When considering the dose-response relationship for an essential substance, adverse
responses________ - ANSWER-increase in severity with increasing or decreasing
dosages outside of the homeostatic range.
What does the therapeutic index of a drug do? - ANSWER-Describes the ratio of the
toxic dose to the therapeutic dose of a drug.
Treatment with penicillin is a good example of _____ - ANSWER-selective toxicity
What decreases the amount of toxin reaching its site of action? - ANSWER-Excretion
via the kidneys
Solutions
When considering the dose-response relationship for an essential substance______ -
ANSWER-adverse responses increase in severity with increasing or decreasing
dosages outside of the homeostatic range.
T/F: Modern toxicology is concerned with the study of the adverse effects of chemicals
on ancient forms of life - ANSWER-False
T/F. Modern toxicology studies embrace principles from such disciplines as
biochemistry, botany, chemistry, physiology, and physics. - ANSWER-True
Knowledge of the toxicology of poisonous agents was published earliest in the _____ -
ANSWER-Ebers papyrus
concerned with disease
caused by or uniquely
associated with toxic
substances. Generally,
clinical toxicologists are
physicians who receive
specialized training in
emergency medicine and
poison management. - ANSWER-Clinical
Enzyme inhibition - ANSWER-biochemical pathway interruption
Cytotoxicity - ANSWER-cell death
Inflammation - ANSWER-local or systemic response
Necrosis - ANSWER-Tissue death
Neoplasia - ANSWER-Forming of tumors
occurs when one substance
does not have a toxic effect on a certain
organ or system but when added to another
chemical makes that chemical much more
toxic - ANSWER-Potentiation
, occurs when two chemicals
administered together interfere with each
other's actions or one interferes with the
action of the other - ANSWER-Antagonism
Place the following mechanisms of toxin delivery in order from most effective to least
effective: 1: intravaneous, 2:subcutaneous, 3:oral; 4:inhalation; 5:dermal - ANSWER-
Intravenous, inhalation, subcutaneous, oral, dermal
Most chemicals and their metabolic products are not sufficiently large to be recognized
by the immune system as a foreign substance and thus must first combine w/ an
endogenous protein to form an antigen. Such a molecule is called a ______ -
ANSWER-hapten
The hapten-protein complex is called the __ - ANSWER-antigen
Toxic chemicals are most likely to be biotransformed in which of the following organs? -
ANSWER-Liver
When chemicals A and B are administered simultaneously, their combined effects are
far greater than the sum of their effects when given alone. The chemical interaction
between chemicals A and B can be described as what? - ANSWER-Synergistic
Quantal dose-response relationships allow for the analysis of what? - ANSWER-A
population's response to varying dosage
___ effect happens when the combined effects of two chemicals are much greater than
the sum of the effects of each agent alone. - ANSWER-synergistic
___ occur when one substance does not have a toxic effect on a certain organ or
system, but when added to another chemical makes that chemical much more toxic. -
ANSWER-Potentiation
When considering the dose-response relationship for an essential substance, adverse
responses________ - ANSWER-increase in severity with increasing or decreasing
dosages outside of the homeostatic range.
What does the therapeutic index of a drug do? - ANSWER-Describes the ratio of the
toxic dose to the therapeutic dose of a drug.
Treatment with penicillin is a good example of _____ - ANSWER-selective toxicity
What decreases the amount of toxin reaching its site of action? - ANSWER-Excretion
via the kidneys
