Tox Tutor Exam Questions with
Verified Solutions
The quantity of a substance administered to an individual over a period of time or in
several individual doses is known as the: - ANS-Total dose
Fractionation of a total dose so that the total amount administered is given over a period
of time usually results in: - ANS-decreased toxicity
The usual dosage unit that incorporates the amount of material administered or
absorbed in accordance with the size of the individual over a period of time is: - ANS-
mg/kg/day
The dose at which a toxic effect is first encountered is called the: - ANS-threshold dose
The dose-response relationship helps a toxicologist determine: - ANS-- whether
exposure has caused an effect
- the threshold dose
- the rate of increasing effect with increasing dose levels
Which of the following is not one of the Three Rs of estimating acute toxicity? - ANS-
Randomize the selected test animals
The Therapeutic Index (TI) is used to: - ANS-Compare the therapeutically effective dose
to the toxic dose of a pharmaceutical agent
The Margin of Safety (MOS) of a drug is the: - ANS-Ratio of the Toxic Dose to 1% of the
population (TD01) to the Effective Dose to 99% of the population (ED99)
The No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) is the: - ANS-Highest dose at which
there was no observed toxic or adverse effect
The Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL) is the: - ANS-Lowest dose at
which there was an observed toxic or adverse effect
A target organ is an organ that: - ANS-Is damaged by a toxic substance
What are the important factors that influence the degree of toxicity of a substance? -
ANS-- Innate chemical activity, form, dosage, and exposure route
- The species, life stage, gender, health status, nutritional status, and circadian rhythms
of the organism
, - Absorption, metabolism, distribution within the body, excretion, and presence of other
chemicals
Metabolism, or biotransformation, of a xenobiotic: - ANS-May result in detoxification or
bioactivation
An antibiotic administered to humans kills bacteria in the body but does not harm
human tissues. This is an example of: - ANS-Selective toxicity
A major determinant of whether a toxicant will damage cells is its: - ANS-Lipid solubility
Toxic effects are primarily categorized into two general types: - ANS-Systemic or organ-
specific effects
What is the main difference between acute and chronic toxicity? - ANS-Acute toxicity
appears within hours or days of an exposure, whereas chronic toxicity takes many
months or years to become a recognizable clinical disease
Police respond to a 911 call in which two people are found dead in an enclosed
bedroom heated by an unvented kerosene stove. There was no sign of trauma or
violence. A likely cause of death is: - ANS-Acute toxicity due to carbon monoxide
poisoning
Genetic toxicity can result in: - ANS-- Gene mutation
- Changes in the structure and/or number of chromosomes
- Epigenetic alterations
The presence of one chemical decreasing toxicity of another chemical is called: - ANS-
Antagonism
Additivity is when the combined toxic effect of two chemicals when given together is
less than the sum of their individually measured toxic effects. - ANS-False
Piperonyl butoxide is not an insecticide; however, it can greatly increase the effects of a
pyrethrum insecticide. Thus, piperonyl butoxide can be called a synergist and this
interaction can be called synergism. - ANS-True
While animal testing was historically the primary method used in testing for toxicity,
modern testing methods prefer: - ANS-- In silico
- In vitro
- Refined animal testing
In testing a pharmaceutical to comply with FDA requirements, the initial testing consists
of: - ANS-Non-clinical laboratory studies
Verified Solutions
The quantity of a substance administered to an individual over a period of time or in
several individual doses is known as the: - ANS-Total dose
Fractionation of a total dose so that the total amount administered is given over a period
of time usually results in: - ANS-decreased toxicity
The usual dosage unit that incorporates the amount of material administered or
absorbed in accordance with the size of the individual over a period of time is: - ANS-
mg/kg/day
The dose at which a toxic effect is first encountered is called the: - ANS-threshold dose
The dose-response relationship helps a toxicologist determine: - ANS-- whether
exposure has caused an effect
- the threshold dose
- the rate of increasing effect with increasing dose levels
Which of the following is not one of the Three Rs of estimating acute toxicity? - ANS-
Randomize the selected test animals
The Therapeutic Index (TI) is used to: - ANS-Compare the therapeutically effective dose
to the toxic dose of a pharmaceutical agent
The Margin of Safety (MOS) of a drug is the: - ANS-Ratio of the Toxic Dose to 1% of the
population (TD01) to the Effective Dose to 99% of the population (ED99)
The No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) is the: - ANS-Highest dose at which
there was no observed toxic or adverse effect
The Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL) is the: - ANS-Lowest dose at
which there was an observed toxic or adverse effect
A target organ is an organ that: - ANS-Is damaged by a toxic substance
What are the important factors that influence the degree of toxicity of a substance? -
ANS-- Innate chemical activity, form, dosage, and exposure route
- The species, life stage, gender, health status, nutritional status, and circadian rhythms
of the organism
, - Absorption, metabolism, distribution within the body, excretion, and presence of other
chemicals
Metabolism, or biotransformation, of a xenobiotic: - ANS-May result in detoxification or
bioactivation
An antibiotic administered to humans kills bacteria in the body but does not harm
human tissues. This is an example of: - ANS-Selective toxicity
A major determinant of whether a toxicant will damage cells is its: - ANS-Lipid solubility
Toxic effects are primarily categorized into two general types: - ANS-Systemic or organ-
specific effects
What is the main difference between acute and chronic toxicity? - ANS-Acute toxicity
appears within hours or days of an exposure, whereas chronic toxicity takes many
months or years to become a recognizable clinical disease
Police respond to a 911 call in which two people are found dead in an enclosed
bedroom heated by an unvented kerosene stove. There was no sign of trauma or
violence. A likely cause of death is: - ANS-Acute toxicity due to carbon monoxide
poisoning
Genetic toxicity can result in: - ANS-- Gene mutation
- Changes in the structure and/or number of chromosomes
- Epigenetic alterations
The presence of one chemical decreasing toxicity of another chemical is called: - ANS-
Antagonism
Additivity is when the combined toxic effect of two chemicals when given together is
less than the sum of their individually measured toxic effects. - ANS-False
Piperonyl butoxide is not an insecticide; however, it can greatly increase the effects of a
pyrethrum insecticide. Thus, piperonyl butoxide can be called a synergist and this
interaction can be called synergism. - ANS-True
While animal testing was historically the primary method used in testing for toxicity,
modern testing methods prefer: - ANS-- In silico
- In vitro
- Refined animal testing
In testing a pharmaceutical to comply with FDA requirements, the initial testing consists
of: - ANS-Non-clinical laboratory studies
