ATI OB PROCTORED LATEST 2025-2026 STUDY GUIDE
&SUMMARY
Sterilization, Infertility, and Signs of Pregnancy Female Sterilization
● Transcervical → flexible agents are placed into the fallopian tubes which causing therefore leading to occlusion of the fallopian
tubes. This procedure can be done without the use of general anesthesia. Effectiveness takes up to 3 months. Client must take
contraceptives for the first 3 months until the provider knows whether the tubes are blocked or not. Not for PP patients ○ Risks:
■ Perforation
■ Increased risk for ectopic pregnancy if one were to occur
● Tubal ligation → done under general anesthesia. Sever or burn the fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization. It can be done PP ○ Risks:
■ General complications that occur with general anesthesia
■ Increased risk for ectopic pregnancy if one were to occur
○ Advantages
■ Permanent, immediate contraception
■ This method can be done within 24-48 hours after childbirth
■ Sexual function is unaffected
■ Decreases the incidence of ovarian cancer
○ Disadvantages
■ Does not protect against STIs
■ Risks related to anesthesia, complications, hemorrhage, and trauma
■ Considered irreversible
Male Sterilization
● Vasectomy → sever the ves deferons. Alternative form of contraception will need to be used for about 20 ejaculations in order for the sperm to
empty out the rest of the ves deferens.
○ Testing for sperm count is important
○ Can be reversible
, ○ Get follow up testing before you stop the alternate contraception
Infertility
● Couple has been unable to conceive for a period of time (usually 12 months)
● Diagnostic tests
, ○ Semen analysis first in an infertility workup because it is less expensive and less invasive than female infertility testing
○ Then turn to the female
■ Hysterosalpingography → checks for the patency of the fallopian tubes using contrast die. We’re shooting die up the fallopian tubes
to make sure they’re open and not occluded in any way. Check for shellfish or iodine allergy
■ Laparoscopy → observe and assess internal organs under general anesthesia. Blow abdomen up with oxygen gas. May have pain after
related to the gas buildup. Encourage the patient to ambulate and increase fluids and fiber to get rid of the excess gas Contraception
• Diaphragm o Is used with spermicidal cream or jelly and offers a good level of protection
from conception o Must be fitted by trained personnel o Should be rechecked for correct
size after each childbirth and whenever a woman has gained or lost 10 -15 pounds or more
o Place in the vagina 6 hours before intercourse and must be left in for at least 6 hours
after sex o Should be cleansed with mild soap and water and air dry before it is stored o
Good for women who are lactating, do not want to use oral contraceptive, and smokers
• Long acting reversible contraception o Intrauterine contraception (IUD)
▪ Inserted into the uterus by a healthcare professional
▪ Provides continuous protection for 3-10 years
▪ Contraindications pregnant or have an active pelvic infection (endometriosis, cervicitis, or pelvic TB)
▪ Adverse reactions discomfort to the wearer, increased bleeding during menses, dysmenorrhea, and expulsion of the device
▪ It is inserted into the uterus with its stings or tail protruding through the cervix into the vagina
▪ Woman should check for the strings each week for the first month and then after each menses
▪ Should be removed if woman becomes pregnant o
Signs of Pregnancy
● Presumptive → can be explained by things other than pregnancy
○ Amenorrhea: may be pregnant or an athlete
○ nausea/vomiting
○ Urinary frequency
○ Breast changes darkened areola
○ Quickening: feeling the baby move (gas)
, ○ Uterine enlargement (cancer) ●
Probable → probably are pregnant.
&SUMMARY
Sterilization, Infertility, and Signs of Pregnancy Female Sterilization
● Transcervical → flexible agents are placed into the fallopian tubes which causing therefore leading to occlusion of the fallopian
tubes. This procedure can be done without the use of general anesthesia. Effectiveness takes up to 3 months. Client must take
contraceptives for the first 3 months until the provider knows whether the tubes are blocked or not. Not for PP patients ○ Risks:
■ Perforation
■ Increased risk for ectopic pregnancy if one were to occur
● Tubal ligation → done under general anesthesia. Sever or burn the fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization. It can be done PP ○ Risks:
■ General complications that occur with general anesthesia
■ Increased risk for ectopic pregnancy if one were to occur
○ Advantages
■ Permanent, immediate contraception
■ This method can be done within 24-48 hours after childbirth
■ Sexual function is unaffected
■ Decreases the incidence of ovarian cancer
○ Disadvantages
■ Does not protect against STIs
■ Risks related to anesthesia, complications, hemorrhage, and trauma
■ Considered irreversible
Male Sterilization
● Vasectomy → sever the ves deferons. Alternative form of contraception will need to be used for about 20 ejaculations in order for the sperm to
empty out the rest of the ves deferens.
○ Testing for sperm count is important
○ Can be reversible
, ○ Get follow up testing before you stop the alternate contraception
Infertility
● Couple has been unable to conceive for a period of time (usually 12 months)
● Diagnostic tests
, ○ Semen analysis first in an infertility workup because it is less expensive and less invasive than female infertility testing
○ Then turn to the female
■ Hysterosalpingography → checks for the patency of the fallopian tubes using contrast die. We’re shooting die up the fallopian tubes
to make sure they’re open and not occluded in any way. Check for shellfish or iodine allergy
■ Laparoscopy → observe and assess internal organs under general anesthesia. Blow abdomen up with oxygen gas. May have pain after
related to the gas buildup. Encourage the patient to ambulate and increase fluids and fiber to get rid of the excess gas Contraception
• Diaphragm o Is used with spermicidal cream or jelly and offers a good level of protection
from conception o Must be fitted by trained personnel o Should be rechecked for correct
size after each childbirth and whenever a woman has gained or lost 10 -15 pounds or more
o Place in the vagina 6 hours before intercourse and must be left in for at least 6 hours
after sex o Should be cleansed with mild soap and water and air dry before it is stored o
Good for women who are lactating, do not want to use oral contraceptive, and smokers
• Long acting reversible contraception o Intrauterine contraception (IUD)
▪ Inserted into the uterus by a healthcare professional
▪ Provides continuous protection for 3-10 years
▪ Contraindications pregnant or have an active pelvic infection (endometriosis, cervicitis, or pelvic TB)
▪ Adverse reactions discomfort to the wearer, increased bleeding during menses, dysmenorrhea, and expulsion of the device
▪ It is inserted into the uterus with its stings or tail protruding through the cervix into the vagina
▪ Woman should check for the strings each week for the first month and then after each menses
▪ Should be removed if woman becomes pregnant o
Signs of Pregnancy
● Presumptive → can be explained by things other than pregnancy
○ Amenorrhea: may be pregnant or an athlete
○ nausea/vomiting
○ Urinary frequency
○ Breast changes darkened areola
○ Quickening: feeling the baby move (gas)
, ○ Uterine enlargement (cancer) ●
Probable → probably are pregnant.
