Mort 203 CH. 1-4 || WELL-ENLIGHTENED Q&A |
100% CORRECT.
Pagan correct answers a person holding religious beliefs other than those of the main world
religions
other than: christian, islam, hinduism, buddhism, sikhism, and judaism.
Common beliefs and rights of Modern American Society - People believe they should be able to:
correct answers a. Every man (person) has a right to "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness"
b. Equality before the law is part of our national birthright
c. Select their place of residence
d. Select one's own mate (partners)
e. Select one's own occupation
f. Make the most of one's own critical life decisions g. Right to a common school education (at
public expense)
h. Right to a decent burial
j. These beliefs constitute the core of any social institution
a. It is the common American mindset today that the dead merit personal funeral services from a
lay occupation correct answers embalming, dressing and casketing, viewing, a dignified service
or ceremony, disposition ad services of the funeral director (decent burial/ disposition)
American mortuary beliefs descends from humanitarianism- correct answers people's obligations
are limited to and dependent alone on people and human relations
Composition of Western culture today: the following three are super imposed over a dominant
Judeo-Christian tradition which is born out of Hebrew religious and ethical concepts correct
answers a. Greek aesthetics and philosophy
b. Roman law and administrative genius
c. Ancient Teutonic vigor (the word Teutonic will be used to describe Scandinavians, Germans,
Anglo-Saxons)
Pre-dynastic Period (5500-3100 BC) correct answers burial was simple; grave dug;
preservation/desiccation of deceased was accomplished by dry desert conditions.
Early Dynastic Period (3099-2686 BC) correct answers population desired more elaborate final
resting places; above ground tombs (mastabas); removal of internal organs (preservation); begin
the use of sarcophagus and wooden coffins
Old Kingdom Period (2613-2181 BC) correct answers Increased interest in condition of the body
and its relevance to the afterlifeWrapping of body, soaked in Natron (mummy)
Middle Kingdom Period (2040-1782 BC) correct answers Burial and preparation practices more
available to population who could afford it; creation of face masks.
,New Kingdom (1570-1069 BC) correct answers Art of mummification perfected; preparation at
Necropolis-city of the dead;
Third Intermediate (1069-525 BC) correct answers Preservation resembled taxidermy, making
body look more natural; no longer used canopic jars
a. Theology of sun worship - correct answers Believed the sun was the center and focus of the
universe
b. The cult of Osiris correct answers God of the Underworld and Judge of the dead; they had a
particularly strong interest in the afterlife and immortality
Circle of Necessity correct answers 3,000 year journey to the sun and back to reassemble the
"elements" - Egyptians believed that elements joined to make a person had to be reassembled in
the body of the dead;
The Ba correct answers Soul (personality), represented by a bird
The Yakhu correct answers Shining One
The name correct answers name of
4)The Shadow correct answers shadow of
The Heart correct answers seat of emotions and intellect)
The Ka correct answers double of the human body (life force), eternal part of the human soul;
spirit guide remained by the body and demanded Attention from the living: i.e. foods offerings
(prayers)
Elemenst needed to reassembled for Circle of Necessity correct answers The Ba, The Yakhu, the
name, the shadow, the heart, the Ka
Anubis correct answers Guardian of the dead who took the souls to the underworld,
-son of Osiris; Anubis was portrayed as a jackal-headed man/god, Anubis' jackal head was black
because of the association Egyptians had between the color black, and the ideas of regeneration,
death, and the night. It was also the color that the body turned during mummification.
God of Embalming correct answers Anubis
Embalming as a religious ritual correct answers 1) The embalming process was used to get the
body ready for reassembly after the journey to the sun.
2) The soul had to be mortalized; returned to the body for the resurrection
, 2. Threat of plague as a burial motive correct answers Some of the bodies were buried in sealed
tombs for sanitary reasons c. Burial of the bodies would also keep products of putrefaction from
seeping into soil thus generating plagues, buried 6-8 feet below because of Nile overflow season
Dry Burial correct answers Because the Nile River would overflow seasonally, the bodies were
buried 6-8' under ground on a layer of charcoal above the flood plain; shrouded in coarse cloth;
Dry Burial
Three ways to embalm correct answers - well to do/ high rank
-less costly method
-for the poorer classes
well to do/ high rank correct answers mummification as we think of it-brain, viscera removed,
embalmed and placed in Canopic Jars-body immersed in soda solution (Natron) for 40 days
Less costly method correct answers no evisceration, body is injected with cedar oil and soaked in
natron
For the poorer classes; correct answers purge intestines soak body in soda solution (Natron) for
70 days; bitumen used to coat the body; resulted in hard black mummies
Canopic Jars correct answers Represented the children of Horus, made of pottery or limestone
each god was responsible for protecting a particular organ protected by a companion goddess
from harm
Horus correct answers hawk-headed god of the sky
Mestha/Imseti correct answers • Man-headed
• Large intestines and stomach
• Protected by goddess Isis
Hapi correct answers Dog or baboon-headed
• small intestines
• Protected by goddess Nephthys
Tuamutef/(Duamutef) correct answers • Jackal-headed
• Lungs and heart
• Protected by goddess Neith
Qebhsennuf correct answers Falcon/hawk-headed
• Liver, gallbladder
• Protected by goddess Selket
c. Initial preparation - correct answers Brain was removed with hook through the nose,
evisceration was then preformed on the wealthy of society
100% CORRECT.
Pagan correct answers a person holding religious beliefs other than those of the main world
religions
other than: christian, islam, hinduism, buddhism, sikhism, and judaism.
Common beliefs and rights of Modern American Society - People believe they should be able to:
correct answers a. Every man (person) has a right to "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness"
b. Equality before the law is part of our national birthright
c. Select their place of residence
d. Select one's own mate (partners)
e. Select one's own occupation
f. Make the most of one's own critical life decisions g. Right to a common school education (at
public expense)
h. Right to a decent burial
j. These beliefs constitute the core of any social institution
a. It is the common American mindset today that the dead merit personal funeral services from a
lay occupation correct answers embalming, dressing and casketing, viewing, a dignified service
or ceremony, disposition ad services of the funeral director (decent burial/ disposition)
American mortuary beliefs descends from humanitarianism- correct answers people's obligations
are limited to and dependent alone on people and human relations
Composition of Western culture today: the following three are super imposed over a dominant
Judeo-Christian tradition which is born out of Hebrew religious and ethical concepts correct
answers a. Greek aesthetics and philosophy
b. Roman law and administrative genius
c. Ancient Teutonic vigor (the word Teutonic will be used to describe Scandinavians, Germans,
Anglo-Saxons)
Pre-dynastic Period (5500-3100 BC) correct answers burial was simple; grave dug;
preservation/desiccation of deceased was accomplished by dry desert conditions.
Early Dynastic Period (3099-2686 BC) correct answers population desired more elaborate final
resting places; above ground tombs (mastabas); removal of internal organs (preservation); begin
the use of sarcophagus and wooden coffins
Old Kingdom Period (2613-2181 BC) correct answers Increased interest in condition of the body
and its relevance to the afterlifeWrapping of body, soaked in Natron (mummy)
Middle Kingdom Period (2040-1782 BC) correct answers Burial and preparation practices more
available to population who could afford it; creation of face masks.
,New Kingdom (1570-1069 BC) correct answers Art of mummification perfected; preparation at
Necropolis-city of the dead;
Third Intermediate (1069-525 BC) correct answers Preservation resembled taxidermy, making
body look more natural; no longer used canopic jars
a. Theology of sun worship - correct answers Believed the sun was the center and focus of the
universe
b. The cult of Osiris correct answers God of the Underworld and Judge of the dead; they had a
particularly strong interest in the afterlife and immortality
Circle of Necessity correct answers 3,000 year journey to the sun and back to reassemble the
"elements" - Egyptians believed that elements joined to make a person had to be reassembled in
the body of the dead;
The Ba correct answers Soul (personality), represented by a bird
The Yakhu correct answers Shining One
The name correct answers name of
4)The Shadow correct answers shadow of
The Heart correct answers seat of emotions and intellect)
The Ka correct answers double of the human body (life force), eternal part of the human soul;
spirit guide remained by the body and demanded Attention from the living: i.e. foods offerings
(prayers)
Elemenst needed to reassembled for Circle of Necessity correct answers The Ba, The Yakhu, the
name, the shadow, the heart, the Ka
Anubis correct answers Guardian of the dead who took the souls to the underworld,
-son of Osiris; Anubis was portrayed as a jackal-headed man/god, Anubis' jackal head was black
because of the association Egyptians had between the color black, and the ideas of regeneration,
death, and the night. It was also the color that the body turned during mummification.
God of Embalming correct answers Anubis
Embalming as a religious ritual correct answers 1) The embalming process was used to get the
body ready for reassembly after the journey to the sun.
2) The soul had to be mortalized; returned to the body for the resurrection
, 2. Threat of plague as a burial motive correct answers Some of the bodies were buried in sealed
tombs for sanitary reasons c. Burial of the bodies would also keep products of putrefaction from
seeping into soil thus generating plagues, buried 6-8 feet below because of Nile overflow season
Dry Burial correct answers Because the Nile River would overflow seasonally, the bodies were
buried 6-8' under ground on a layer of charcoal above the flood plain; shrouded in coarse cloth;
Dry Burial
Three ways to embalm correct answers - well to do/ high rank
-less costly method
-for the poorer classes
well to do/ high rank correct answers mummification as we think of it-brain, viscera removed,
embalmed and placed in Canopic Jars-body immersed in soda solution (Natron) for 40 days
Less costly method correct answers no evisceration, body is injected with cedar oil and soaked in
natron
For the poorer classes; correct answers purge intestines soak body in soda solution (Natron) for
70 days; bitumen used to coat the body; resulted in hard black mummies
Canopic Jars correct answers Represented the children of Horus, made of pottery or limestone
each god was responsible for protecting a particular organ protected by a companion goddess
from harm
Horus correct answers hawk-headed god of the sky
Mestha/Imseti correct answers • Man-headed
• Large intestines and stomach
• Protected by goddess Isis
Hapi correct answers Dog or baboon-headed
• small intestines
• Protected by goddess Nephthys
Tuamutef/(Duamutef) correct answers • Jackal-headed
• Lungs and heart
• Protected by goddess Neith
Qebhsennuf correct answers Falcon/hawk-headed
• Liver, gallbladder
• Protected by goddess Selket
c. Initial preparation - correct answers Brain was removed with hook through the nose,
evisceration was then preformed on the wealthy of society
