NR507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL 710+ (Latest Edition) 100% Verified Q&A + Answer Key Solutions

NR507 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL
(Latest 2025-2026 Edition) 100% Verified Q&A + Answer
710+
Key Solutions


VERIFIED ANSWERS


Question 1
Cystitis
Correct Answer
-lower urinary tract disorder
-aka bladder infection
-can progress to upper urinary tract infection if bacteria moves from bladder to kidneys
-can occur in both males and females
-in males, may be associated with prostatitis


Question 2
Cystitis symptoms:
Correct Answer
-urgency
-burning on urination
-frequency
-dysuria
-suprapubic pain
-cloudy/odorous urine


Question 3
Acute pyelonephritis (kidney infection)
Correct Answer
-urine culture
-urinalysis (WBC casts, but may not always be present)
-complicated pyelonephritis requires blood cultures and urinary tract imaging




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,Question 4
Pyelonephritis
Correct Answer
-upper urinary tract disorder
-kidney infection
-can cause acute renal failure if untreated


Question 5
Pyelonephritis symptoms:
Correct Answer
Same as cystitis
-urgency
-burning on urination
-frequency
-dysuria
-suprapubic pain
-cloudy/odorous urine

PLUS
-fever
-flank pain
-costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness
-N/V
-malaise

Classic triad symptoms:
1. vomiting
2. flank pain
3. fever


Question 6
Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Correct Answer
-an infection in any part of the urinary system
-E. coli causes approximately 80% of the cases of UTI
-urinalysis is used to diagnose UTI
-if nitrites are present, this indicates that the causative organism is gram negative


Question 7
Uncomplicated UTI
Correct Answer
-urinary tract and renal function is normal
-occurs in normal urinary tract
-responds well to a short course of antibiotic therapy (3-7 day course)
-simple cystitis in non-pregnant women without any urologic abnormalities




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,Question 8
Uncomplicated UTI urinalysis results:
Correct Answer
Protein +/-
Leukocyte Esterase +
Nitrites +/-
RBCs +/-
WBCs + (> 5,000)
Casts -


Question 9
Complicated UTI
Correct Answer
-decreased renal function and an abnormal urinary tract
-presence of WBC casts
-possible IV abx
-a UTI that extends beyond the bladder
-caused by structural or functional urinary tract abnormalities or untreated UTI
-infants and older adults affected
-associated with indwelling catheters, renal calculi, diabetes, pregnancy


Question 10
Complicated UTI urinalysis results:
Correct Answer
Protein +/-
Leukocyte Esterase +
Nitrites +/-
RBCs +
WBCs + (> 10,000)
Casts +


Question 11
UTI pathophysiology
Correct Answer
1. Bacteria enter and contaminate the lower urinary tract.
2. This causes the colonization of bacteria in the urethra and the bladder which triggers an inflammatory response in the
lower urinary tract.
3. Neutrophils are recruited to the area where the bacteria are present.
4. The bacteria multiply which allows them to evade the immune system due to virulent factors.
5. A biofilm is any group of microorganisms that allow them to stick to one another and adhere to surfaces that help
them survive.
6. If the UTI progresses or is not treated, or if the patient is immunocompromised, the bacteria can ascend to the kidneys
and colonize there.
7. At this point, the infection becomes an upper UTI.
8. From there, if left untreated, the bacteria can spread into the circulation via the renal veins causing bacteremia that
could potentially lead to septic shock.



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, Question 12
What individuals are more predisposed to developing UTIs?
Correct Answer
-pregnant
-sexually active
-during post-menopause with estrogen-deficiency
-being treated with antibiotics
-indwelling urinary catheter
-urinary obstruction
-diabetes
-neurogenic bladder


Question 13
UTI education

Correct Answer
-drink more water.
-cranberry juice and vitamin C can help to acidify the urine
-urinate before and after sexual intercourse to remove bacteria from the urethral area
-encourage the female to avoid holding urine for extended periods of time.
-avoid the use of hygiene sprays and spermicides because they alter the normal microbial flora to enhance the risk for
infection
-encourage the female to wipe from the front to the back after a bowel movement to avoid spreading bacteria to the
urethra
-encourage showers rather than bathing to avoid the spread of bacteria


Question 14
Male vs female urinary tract




Correct Answer
*female has shorter urethra


Question 15
T or F: Women are at a higher risk for the development of a UTI because of having a shorter urethra
Correct Answer
True




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