NUR3632 FOUNDATIONS EXAM 3
STUDY WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
UPDATED
Chapter 6
1. A nurse who is working in a hospital setting after graduation from a
local college uses value clarification to help understand the values that
motivate patient behavior. Which examples denote "prizing" in the
process of values clarification? Select all that apply.
A patient decides to quit smoking following a diagnosis of lung cancer.
A patient shows off a new outfit that she is wearing after losing 20
pounds.
A patient chooses to work fewer hours following a stress-related
myocardial infarction.
A patient incorporates a new low-cholesterol diet into his daily routine.
A patient joins a gym and schedules classes throughout the year.
A patient proudly displays his certificate for completing a marathon. -
CORRECT ANSWER- 3. b, f. Prizing something one values involves
pride, happiness, and public affirmation, such as losing weight or running
a marathon. When choosing, one chooses freely from alternatives after
careful consideration of the consequences of each alternative, such as
quitting smoking and working fewer hours. Finally, the person who
values something acts by combining choice into one's behavior with
consistency and regularity on the value, such as joining a gym for the
year and following a low-cholesterol diet faithfully.
2. A nurse caring for patients in the intensive care unit develops values
from experience to form a personal code of ethics. Which statements
best describe a characteristic of the development of a personal value
system? Select all that apply.
People are born with values.
Values act as standards to guide behavior.
,Values are ranked on a continuum of importance.
Values influence beliefs about health and illness.
Value systems are not related to personal codes of conduct.
Nurses should not let their values influence patient care. - CORRECT
ANSWER- 1. b, c, d. A value is a belief about the worth of something,
about what matters, which acts as a standard to guide one's behavior. A
value system is an organization of values in which each is ranked along
a continuum of importance, often leading to a personal code of conduct.
A person's values influence beliefs about human needs, health, and
illness; the practice of health behaviors; and human responses to illness.
Values guide the practice of nursing care. An individual is not born with
values; rather, values are formed during a lifetime from information from
the environment, family, and culture.
3. Five-year-old Bobby has dietary modifications related to his diabetes.
His parents want him to value good nutritional habits and they decide to
deprive him of a favorite TV program when he becomes angry after they
deny him foods not on his diet. This is an example of what mode of value
transmission?
Modeling
Moralizing
Laissez-faire
Rewarding and punishing - CORRECT ANSWER- 2. d.When
rewarding and punishing are used to transmit values, children are
rewarded for demonstrating values held by parents and punished for
demonstrating unacceptable values. Through modeling, children learn
what is of high or low value by observing parents, peers, and significant
others. Children whose caregivers use the moralizing mode of value
transmission are taught a complete value system by parents or an
institution (e.g., church or school) that allows little opportunity for them to
weigh different values. Those who use the laissez-faire approach to
value transmission leave children to explore values on their own (no
single set of values is presented as best for all) and to develop a
personal value system.
4. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing identified five values
that epitomize the caring professional nurse. Which of these is best
,described as acting in accordance with an appropriate code of ethics
and accepted standards of practice?
Altruism
Autonomy
Human dignity
Integrity - CORRECT ANSWER- 4. d. The American Association of
Colleges of Nursing defines integrity as acting in accordance with an
appropriate code of ethics and accepted standards of practice. Altruism
is a concern for the welfare and well-being of others. Autonomy is the
right to self-determination, and human dignity is respect for the inherent
worth and uniqueness of individuals and populations.
5. A professional nurse with a commitment to social justice is most apt
to:
Provide honest information to patients and the public
Promote universal access to health care
Plan care in partnership with patients
Document care accurately and honestly - CORRECT ANSWER- 5.
b. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing lists promoting
universal access to health care as an example of social justice.
Providing honest information and documenting care accurately and
honestly are examples of integrity, and planning care in partnership with
patients is an example of autonomy.
6. When an older nurse complains to a younger nurse that nurses just
aren't ethical anymore, which reply reflects the best understanding of
moral development?
"Behaving ethically develops gradually from childhood; maybe my
generation doesn't value this enough to develop an ethical code."
"I don't agree that nurses were more ethical in the past. It's a new age
and the ethics are new!"
"Ethics is genetically determined ... it's like having blue or brown eyes.
Maybe we're evolving out of the ethical sense your generation had."
"I agree! It's impossible to be ethical when working in a practice setting
like this!" - CORRECT ANSWER- 6. a. The ability to be ethical, to
make decisions, and to act in an ethically justified manner begins in
childhood and develops gradually
, 7. A home health nurse who performs a careful safety assessment of the
home of a frail elderly patient to prevent harm to the patient is acting in
accordance with which of the principles of bioethics?
Autonomy
Beneficence
Justice
Fidelity
Nonmaleficence - CORRECT ANSWER- 7. e. Nonmaleficence is
defined as the obligation to prevent harm. Autonomy is respect for
another's right to make decisions, beneficence obligates us to benefit the
patient, justice obligates us to act fairly, and fidelity obligates us to keep
our promises.
8. A professional nurse committed to the principle of autonomy would be
careful to:
Provide the information and support a patient needed to make decisions
to advance one's own interests
Treat each patient fairly, trying to give everyone his or her due
Keep any promises made to a patient or another professional caregiver
Avoid causing harm to a patient - CORRECT ANSWER- 8. a. The
principle of autonomy obligates nurses to provide the information and
support patients and their surrogates need to make decisions that
advance their interests. Acting with justice means giving each person his
or her due, acting with fidelity involves keeping promises to patients, and
acting with nonmaleficence means avoiding doing harm to patients.
9. Janie wants to call an ethics consult to clarify treatment goals for a
patient no longer able to speak for himself. She believes his dying is
being prolonged painfully. She is troubled when the patient's doctor tells
her that she'll be fired if she raises questions about his care or calls the
consult. This is a good example of:
Ethical uncertainty
Ethical distress
Ethical dilemma
Ethical residue - CORRECT ANSWER- 9. b. Ethical distress results
from knowing the right thing to do but finding it almost impossible to
execute because of institutional or other constraints (in this case, fear of
losing her job). Ethical uncertainty results from feeling troubled by a
STUDY WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
UPDATED
Chapter 6
1. A nurse who is working in a hospital setting after graduation from a
local college uses value clarification to help understand the values that
motivate patient behavior. Which examples denote "prizing" in the
process of values clarification? Select all that apply.
A patient decides to quit smoking following a diagnosis of lung cancer.
A patient shows off a new outfit that she is wearing after losing 20
pounds.
A patient chooses to work fewer hours following a stress-related
myocardial infarction.
A patient incorporates a new low-cholesterol diet into his daily routine.
A patient joins a gym and schedules classes throughout the year.
A patient proudly displays his certificate for completing a marathon. -
CORRECT ANSWER- 3. b, f. Prizing something one values involves
pride, happiness, and public affirmation, such as losing weight or running
a marathon. When choosing, one chooses freely from alternatives after
careful consideration of the consequences of each alternative, such as
quitting smoking and working fewer hours. Finally, the person who
values something acts by combining choice into one's behavior with
consistency and regularity on the value, such as joining a gym for the
year and following a low-cholesterol diet faithfully.
2. A nurse caring for patients in the intensive care unit develops values
from experience to form a personal code of ethics. Which statements
best describe a characteristic of the development of a personal value
system? Select all that apply.
People are born with values.
Values act as standards to guide behavior.
,Values are ranked on a continuum of importance.
Values influence beliefs about health and illness.
Value systems are not related to personal codes of conduct.
Nurses should not let their values influence patient care. - CORRECT
ANSWER- 1. b, c, d. A value is a belief about the worth of something,
about what matters, which acts as a standard to guide one's behavior. A
value system is an organization of values in which each is ranked along
a continuum of importance, often leading to a personal code of conduct.
A person's values influence beliefs about human needs, health, and
illness; the practice of health behaviors; and human responses to illness.
Values guide the practice of nursing care. An individual is not born with
values; rather, values are formed during a lifetime from information from
the environment, family, and culture.
3. Five-year-old Bobby has dietary modifications related to his diabetes.
His parents want him to value good nutritional habits and they decide to
deprive him of a favorite TV program when he becomes angry after they
deny him foods not on his diet. This is an example of what mode of value
transmission?
Modeling
Moralizing
Laissez-faire
Rewarding and punishing - CORRECT ANSWER- 2. d.When
rewarding and punishing are used to transmit values, children are
rewarded for demonstrating values held by parents and punished for
demonstrating unacceptable values. Through modeling, children learn
what is of high or low value by observing parents, peers, and significant
others. Children whose caregivers use the moralizing mode of value
transmission are taught a complete value system by parents or an
institution (e.g., church or school) that allows little opportunity for them to
weigh different values. Those who use the laissez-faire approach to
value transmission leave children to explore values on their own (no
single set of values is presented as best for all) and to develop a
personal value system.
4. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing identified five values
that epitomize the caring professional nurse. Which of these is best
,described as acting in accordance with an appropriate code of ethics
and accepted standards of practice?
Altruism
Autonomy
Human dignity
Integrity - CORRECT ANSWER- 4. d. The American Association of
Colleges of Nursing defines integrity as acting in accordance with an
appropriate code of ethics and accepted standards of practice. Altruism
is a concern for the welfare and well-being of others. Autonomy is the
right to self-determination, and human dignity is respect for the inherent
worth and uniqueness of individuals and populations.
5. A professional nurse with a commitment to social justice is most apt
to:
Provide honest information to patients and the public
Promote universal access to health care
Plan care in partnership with patients
Document care accurately and honestly - CORRECT ANSWER- 5.
b. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing lists promoting
universal access to health care as an example of social justice.
Providing honest information and documenting care accurately and
honestly are examples of integrity, and planning care in partnership with
patients is an example of autonomy.
6. When an older nurse complains to a younger nurse that nurses just
aren't ethical anymore, which reply reflects the best understanding of
moral development?
"Behaving ethically develops gradually from childhood; maybe my
generation doesn't value this enough to develop an ethical code."
"I don't agree that nurses were more ethical in the past. It's a new age
and the ethics are new!"
"Ethics is genetically determined ... it's like having blue or brown eyes.
Maybe we're evolving out of the ethical sense your generation had."
"I agree! It's impossible to be ethical when working in a practice setting
like this!" - CORRECT ANSWER- 6. a. The ability to be ethical, to
make decisions, and to act in an ethically justified manner begins in
childhood and develops gradually
, 7. A home health nurse who performs a careful safety assessment of the
home of a frail elderly patient to prevent harm to the patient is acting in
accordance with which of the principles of bioethics?
Autonomy
Beneficence
Justice
Fidelity
Nonmaleficence - CORRECT ANSWER- 7. e. Nonmaleficence is
defined as the obligation to prevent harm. Autonomy is respect for
another's right to make decisions, beneficence obligates us to benefit the
patient, justice obligates us to act fairly, and fidelity obligates us to keep
our promises.
8. A professional nurse committed to the principle of autonomy would be
careful to:
Provide the information and support a patient needed to make decisions
to advance one's own interests
Treat each patient fairly, trying to give everyone his or her due
Keep any promises made to a patient or another professional caregiver
Avoid causing harm to a patient - CORRECT ANSWER- 8. a. The
principle of autonomy obligates nurses to provide the information and
support patients and their surrogates need to make decisions that
advance their interests. Acting with justice means giving each person his
or her due, acting with fidelity involves keeping promises to patients, and
acting with nonmaleficence means avoiding doing harm to patients.
9. Janie wants to call an ethics consult to clarify treatment goals for a
patient no longer able to speak for himself. She believes his dying is
being prolonged painfully. She is troubled when the patient's doctor tells
her that she'll be fired if she raises questions about his care or calls the
consult. This is a good example of:
Ethical uncertainty
Ethical distress
Ethical dilemma
Ethical residue - CORRECT ANSWER- 9. b. Ethical distress results
from knowing the right thing to do but finding it almost impossible to
execute because of institutional or other constraints (in this case, fear of
losing her job). Ethical uncertainty results from feeling troubled by a
