,Porth’s Pathophysiology 10th Edition Norris Test Bank
1. At\ an\ international\ nursing\ conference,\ many\ discussions\ and\ breakout\ sessions\ focused\
on\ the\ World\ Health\ Organization\ (WHO)\ views\ on\ health.\ Of\ the\ following\
comments\ made\ by\ nurses\ during\ a\ discussion\ session,\ which\ statements\ would\ be\
considered\ a\ good\ representation\ of\ the\ WHO\ definition?\ Select\ all\ that\ apply.
A) Interests\ in\ keeping\ the\ elderly\ population\ engaged\ in\ such\ activities\ as\ book\
reviews\ and\ word\ games\ during\ social\ time
B) Increase\ in\ the\ number\ of\ chair\ aerobics\ classes\ provided\ in\ the\ skilled\ care\
facilities
C) Interventions\ geared\ toward\ keeping\ the\ elderly\ population\ diagnosed\ with\
diabetes\ mellitus\ under\ tight\ blood\ glucose\ control\ by\ providing\ in-home\ cooking\
classes
D) Providing\ transportation\ for\ renal\ dialysis\ patients\ to\ and\ from\ their\ hemodialysis\
sessions
E) Providing\ handwashing\ teaching\ sessions\ to\ a\ group\ of\ young\ children\
Ans:\ A,\ B,\ C,\ E
Feedback:
The\ WHO\ definition\ of\ health\ is\ defined\ as\ “a\ state\ of\ complete\ physical,\ mental,\ and\
social\ well-being\ and\ not\ merely\ the\ absence\ of\ disease\ and\ infirmity.”\ Engaging\ in\
book\ reviews\ facilitates\ mental\ and\ social\ well-being;\ chair\ aerobics\ helps\ facilitate\
physical\ well-being;\ and\ assisting\ with\ tight\ control\ of\ diabetes\ helps\ with\ facilitating\
physical\ well-being\ even\ though\ the\ person\ has\ a\ chronic\ disease.\ Handwashing\ is\ vital\
in\ the\ prevention\ of\ disease\ and\ spread\ of\ germs.
2. A\ community\ health\ nurse\ is\ teaching\ a\ group\ of\ recent\ graduates\ about\ the\ large\
variety\ of\ factors\ that\ influence\ an\ individual's\ health\ or\ lack\ thereof.\ The\ nurse\ is\
referring\ to\ the\ Healthy\ People\ 2020\ report\ from\ the\ U.S.\ Department\ of\ Health\ and\
Human\ Services\ as\ a\ teaching\ example.\ Of\ the\ following\ aspects\ discussed,\ which\
would\ be\ considered\ a\ determinant\ of\ health\ that\ is\ outside\ the\ focus\ of\ this\ report?
A) The\ client\ has\ a\ diverse\ background\ by\ being\ of\ Asian\ and\ Native\ American\
descent\ and\ practices\ various\ alternative\ therapies\ to\ minimize\ effects\ of\ stress.
B) The\ client\ has\ a\ family\ history\ of\ cardiovascular\ disease\ related\ to\
hypercholesterolemia\ and\ remains\ noncompliant\ with\ the\ treatment\ regime.
C) The\ client\ has\ a\ good\ career\ with\ exceptional\ preventative\ health\ care\ benefits.
D) The\ client\ lives\ in\ an\ affluent,\ clean,\ suburban\ community\ with\ access\ to\ many\
health\ care\ facilities.
Ans:\ B
Feedback:
In\ Healthy\ People\ 2020,\ the\ focus\ is\ to\ promote\ good\ health\ to\ all\ (such\ as\ using\
alternative\ therapies\ to\ minimize\ effects\ of\ stress);\ achieving\ health\ equity\ and\
promoting\ health\ for\ all\ (which\ includes\ having\ good\ health\ care\ benefits);\ and\
promoting\ good\ health\ (which\ includes\ living\ in\ a\ clean\ community\ with\ good\ access\ to\
health\ care).\ A\ client's\ noncompliance\ with\ treatments\ to\ control\ high\ cholesterol\ levels\
within\ the\ presence\ of\ a\ family\ history\ of\ CV\ disease\ does\ not\ meet\ the\ “attaining\ lives\
free\ of\ preventable\ disease\ and\ premature\ death”\ determinant.
,3. A\ physician\ is\ providing\ care\ for\ a\ number\ of\ patients\ on\ a\ medical\ unit\ of\ a\ large,\
university\ hospital.\ The\ physician\ is\ discussing\ with\ a\ colleague\ the\ differentiation\
between\ diseases\ that\ are\ caused\ by\ abnormal\ molecules\ and\ diseases\ that\ cause\ disease.\
Which\ of\ the\ following\ patients\ most\ clearly\ demonstrates\ the\ consequences\ of\
molecules\ that\ cause\ disease?
A) A\ 31-year-old\ woman\ with\ sickle\ cell\ anemia\ who\ is\ receiving\ a\ transfusion\ of\
packed\ red\ blood\ cells
B) A\ 91-year-old\ woman\ who\ has\ experienced\ an\ ischemic\ stroke\ resulting\ from\
familial\ hypercholesterolemia
C) A\ 19-year-old\ man\ with\ exacerbation\ of\ his\ cystic\ fibrosis\ requiring\ oxygen\
therapy\ and\ chest\ physiotherapy
D) A\ 30-year-old\ homeless\ man\ who\ has\ Pneumocystis\ carinii\ pneumonia\ (PCP)\ and\
is\ HIV\ positive.
Ans:\ D
Feedback:
PCP\ is\ an\ example\ of\ the\ effect\ of\ a\ molecule\ that\ directly\ contributes\ to\ disease.\ Sickle\
cell\ anemia,\ familial\ hypercholesterolemia,\ and\ cystic\ fibrosis\ are\ all\ examples\ of\ the\
effects\ of\ abnormal\ molecules.
4. A\ member\ of\ the\ health\ care\ team\ is\ researching\ the\ etiology\ and\ pathogenesis\ of\ a\
number\ of\ clients\ who\ are\ under\ his\ care\ in\ a\ hospital\ context.\ Which\ of\ the\ following\
aspects\ of\ clients'\ situations\ bN
esUtR SaIraNctGerTizBe.
\ch s\ pCaOt hMo ge ne s is \ rather\ than\ etiology?
A) A\ client\ who\ has\ been\ exposed\ to\ the\ Mycobacterium\ tuberculosis\ bacterium
B) A\ client\ who\ has\ increasing\ serum\ ammonia\ levels\ due\ to\ liver\ cirrhosis
C) A\ client\ who\ was\ admitted\ with\ the\ effects\ of\ methyl\ alcohol\ poisoning
D) A\ client\ with\ multiple\ skeletal\ injuries\ secondary\ to\ a\ motor\ vehicle\ accident\
Ans:\ B
Feedback:
Pathogenesis\ refers\ to\ the\ progressive\ and\ evolutionary\ course\ of\ disease,\ such\ as\ the\
increasing\ ammonia\ levels\ that\ accompany\ liver\ disease.\ Bacteria,\ poisons,\ and\
traumatic\ injuries\ are\ examples\ of\ etiologic\ factors.
, 5. A\ new\ myocardial\ infarction\ patient\ requiring\ angioplasty\ and\ stent\ placement\ has\
arrived\ to\ his\ first\ cardiac\ rehabilitation\ appointment.\ In\ this\ first\ session,\ a\ review\ of\
the\ pathogenesis\ of\ coronary\ artery\ disease\ is\ addressed.\ Which\ statement\ by\ the\ patient\
verifies\ to\ the\ nurse\ that\ he\ has\ understood\ the\ nurse's\ teachings\ about\ coronary\ artery\
disease?
A) “All\ I\ have\ to\ do\ is\ stop\ smoking,\ and\ then\ I\ won't\ have\ any\ more\ heart\ attacks.”
B) “My\ artery\ was\ clogged\ by\ fat,\ so\ I\ will\ need\ to\ stop\ eating\ fatty\ foods\ like\
French\ fries\ every\ day.”
C) “Sounds\ like\ this\ began\ because\ of\ inflammation\ inside\ my\ artery\ that\ made\ it\
easy\ to\ form\ fatty\ streaks,\ which\ lead\ to\ my\ clogged\ artery.”
D) “If\ I\ do\ not\ exercise\ regularly\ to\ get\ my\ heart\ rate\ up,\ blood\ pools\ in\ the\ veins\
causing\ a\ clot\ that\ stops\ blood\ flow\ to\ the\ muscle,\ and\ I\ will\ have\ a\ heart\ attack.”
Ans:\ C
Feedback:
The\ true\ etiology/cause\ of\ coronary\ artery\ disease\ (CAD)\ is\ unknown;\ however,\ the\
pathogenesis\ of\ the\ disorder\ relates\ to\ the\ progression\ of\ the\ inflammatory\ process\ from\
a\ fatty\ streak\ to\ the\ occlusive\ vessel\ lesion\ seen\ in\ people\ with\ coronary\ artery\ disease.\
Risk\ factors\ for\ CAD\ revolve\ around\ cigarette\ smoking,\ diet\ high\ in\ fat,\ and\ lack\ of\
exercise.
6. A\ 77-year-old\ man\ is\ a\ hospital\ inpatient\ admitted\ for\ exacerbation\ of\ his\ chronic\
obstructive\ pulmonary\ disease\ (COPD),\ and\ a\ respiratory\ therapist\ (RT)\ is\ assessing\ the\
client\ for\ the\ first\ time.\ WhichNU
ofRthSeIfN
olGloTwBin.gCaOspMects\ of\ the\ patient's\ current\ state\ of\
health\ would\ be\ best\ characterized\ as\ a\ symptom\ rather\ than\ a\ sign?
A) The\ patient's\ oxygen\ saturation\ is\ 83%\ by\ pulse\ oxymetry.
B) The\ patient\ notes\ that\ he\ has\ increased\ work\ of\ breathing\ when\ lying\ supine.
C) The\ RT\ hears\ diminished\ breath\ sounds\ to\ the\ patient's\ lower\ lung\ fields\
bilaterally.
D) The\ patient's\ respiratory\ rate\ is\ 31\ breaths/minute.\
Ans:\ B
Feedback:
Symptoms\ are\ subjective\ complaints\ by\ the\ person\ experiencing\ the\ health\ problem,\
such\ as\ complaints\ of\ breathing\ difficulty.\ Oxygen\ levels,\ listening\ to\ breath\ sounds,\
and\ respiratory\ rate\ are\ all\ objective,\ observable\ signs\ of\ disease.
1. At\ an\ international\ nursing\ conference,\ many\ discussions\ and\ breakout\ sessions\ focused\
on\ the\ World\ Health\ Organization\ (WHO)\ views\ on\ health.\ Of\ the\ following\
comments\ made\ by\ nurses\ during\ a\ discussion\ session,\ which\ statements\ would\ be\
considered\ a\ good\ representation\ of\ the\ WHO\ definition?\ Select\ all\ that\ apply.
A) Interests\ in\ keeping\ the\ elderly\ population\ engaged\ in\ such\ activities\ as\ book\
reviews\ and\ word\ games\ during\ social\ time
B) Increase\ in\ the\ number\ of\ chair\ aerobics\ classes\ provided\ in\ the\ skilled\ care\
facilities
C) Interventions\ geared\ toward\ keeping\ the\ elderly\ population\ diagnosed\ with\
diabetes\ mellitus\ under\ tight\ blood\ glucose\ control\ by\ providing\ in-home\ cooking\
classes
D) Providing\ transportation\ for\ renal\ dialysis\ patients\ to\ and\ from\ their\ hemodialysis\
sessions
E) Providing\ handwashing\ teaching\ sessions\ to\ a\ group\ of\ young\ children\
Ans:\ A,\ B,\ C,\ E
Feedback:
The\ WHO\ definition\ of\ health\ is\ defined\ as\ “a\ state\ of\ complete\ physical,\ mental,\ and\
social\ well-being\ and\ not\ merely\ the\ absence\ of\ disease\ and\ infirmity.”\ Engaging\ in\
book\ reviews\ facilitates\ mental\ and\ social\ well-being;\ chair\ aerobics\ helps\ facilitate\
physical\ well-being;\ and\ assisting\ with\ tight\ control\ of\ diabetes\ helps\ with\ facilitating\
physical\ well-being\ even\ though\ the\ person\ has\ a\ chronic\ disease.\ Handwashing\ is\ vital\
in\ the\ prevention\ of\ disease\ and\ spread\ of\ germs.
2. A\ community\ health\ nurse\ is\ teaching\ a\ group\ of\ recent\ graduates\ about\ the\ large\
variety\ of\ factors\ that\ influence\ an\ individual's\ health\ or\ lack\ thereof.\ The\ nurse\ is\
referring\ to\ the\ Healthy\ People\ 2020\ report\ from\ the\ U.S.\ Department\ of\ Health\ and\
Human\ Services\ as\ a\ teaching\ example.\ Of\ the\ following\ aspects\ discussed,\ which\
would\ be\ considered\ a\ determinant\ of\ health\ that\ is\ outside\ the\ focus\ of\ this\ report?
A) The\ client\ has\ a\ diverse\ background\ by\ being\ of\ Asian\ and\ Native\ American\
descent\ and\ practices\ various\ alternative\ therapies\ to\ minimize\ effects\ of\ stress.
B) The\ client\ has\ a\ family\ history\ of\ cardiovascular\ disease\ related\ to\
hypercholesterolemia\ and\ remains\ noncompliant\ with\ the\ treatment\ regime.
C) The\ client\ has\ a\ good\ career\ with\ exceptional\ preventative\ health\ care\ benefits.
D) The\ client\ lives\ in\ an\ affluent,\ clean,\ suburban\ community\ with\ access\ to\ many\
health\ care\ facilities.
Ans:\ B
Feedback:
In\ Healthy\ People\ 2020,\ the\ focus\ is\ to\ promote\ good\ health\ to\ all\ (such\ as\ using\
alternative\ therapies\ to\ minimize\ effects\ of\ stress);\ achieving\ health\ equity\ and\
promoting\ health\ for\ all\ (which\ includes\ having\ good\ health\ care\ benefits);\ and\
promoting\ good\ health\ (which\ includes\ living\ in\ a\ clean\ community\ with\ good\ access\ to\
health\ care).\ A\ client's\ noncompliance\ with\ treatments\ to\ control\ high\ cholesterol\ levels\
within\ the\ presence\ of\ a\ family\ history\ of\ CV\ disease\ does\ not\ meet\ the\ “attaining\ lives\
free\ of\ preventable\ disease\ and\ premature\ death”\ determinant.
,3. A\ physician\ is\ providing\ care\ for\ a\ number\ of\ patients\ on\ a\ medical\ unit\ of\ a\ large,\
university\ hospital.\ The\ physician\ is\ discussing\ with\ a\ colleague\ the\ differentiation\
between\ diseases\ that\ are\ caused\ by\ abnormal\ molecules\ and\ diseases\ that\ cause\ disease.\
Which\ of\ the\ following\ patients\ most\ clearly\ demonstrates\ the\ consequences\ of\
molecules\ that\ cause\ disease?
A) A\ 31-year-old\ woman\ with\ sickle\ cell\ anemia\ who\ is\ receiving\ a\ transfusion\ of\
packed\ red\ blood\ cells
B) A\ 91-year-old\ woman\ who\ has\ experienced\ an\ ischemic\ stroke\ resulting\ from\
familial\ hypercholesterolemia
C) A\ 19-year-old\ man\ with\ exacerbation\ of\ his\ cystic\ fibrosis\ requiring\ oxygen\
therapy\ and\ chest\ physiotherapy
D) A\ 30-year-old\ homeless\ man\ who\ has\ Pneumocystis\ carinii\ pneumonia\ (PCP)\ and\
is\ HIV\ positive.
Ans:\ D
Feedback:
PCP\ is\ an\ example\ of\ the\ effect\ of\ a\ molecule\ that\ directly\ contributes\ to\ disease.\ Sickle\
cell\ anemia,\ familial\ hypercholesterolemia,\ and\ cystic\ fibrosis\ are\ all\ examples\ of\ the\
effects\ of\ abnormal\ molecules.
4. A\ member\ of\ the\ health\ care\ team\ is\ researching\ the\ etiology\ and\ pathogenesis\ of\ a\
number\ of\ clients\ who\ are\ under\ his\ care\ in\ a\ hospital\ context.\ Which\ of\ the\ following\
aspects\ of\ clients'\ situations\ bN
esUtR SaIraNctGerTizBe.
\ch s\ pCaOt hMo ge ne s is \ rather\ than\ etiology?
A) A\ client\ who\ has\ been\ exposed\ to\ the\ Mycobacterium\ tuberculosis\ bacterium
B) A\ client\ who\ has\ increasing\ serum\ ammonia\ levels\ due\ to\ liver\ cirrhosis
C) A\ client\ who\ was\ admitted\ with\ the\ effects\ of\ methyl\ alcohol\ poisoning
D) A\ client\ with\ multiple\ skeletal\ injuries\ secondary\ to\ a\ motor\ vehicle\ accident\
Ans:\ B
Feedback:
Pathogenesis\ refers\ to\ the\ progressive\ and\ evolutionary\ course\ of\ disease,\ such\ as\ the\
increasing\ ammonia\ levels\ that\ accompany\ liver\ disease.\ Bacteria,\ poisons,\ and\
traumatic\ injuries\ are\ examples\ of\ etiologic\ factors.
, 5. A\ new\ myocardial\ infarction\ patient\ requiring\ angioplasty\ and\ stent\ placement\ has\
arrived\ to\ his\ first\ cardiac\ rehabilitation\ appointment.\ In\ this\ first\ session,\ a\ review\ of\
the\ pathogenesis\ of\ coronary\ artery\ disease\ is\ addressed.\ Which\ statement\ by\ the\ patient\
verifies\ to\ the\ nurse\ that\ he\ has\ understood\ the\ nurse's\ teachings\ about\ coronary\ artery\
disease?
A) “All\ I\ have\ to\ do\ is\ stop\ smoking,\ and\ then\ I\ won't\ have\ any\ more\ heart\ attacks.”
B) “My\ artery\ was\ clogged\ by\ fat,\ so\ I\ will\ need\ to\ stop\ eating\ fatty\ foods\ like\
French\ fries\ every\ day.”
C) “Sounds\ like\ this\ began\ because\ of\ inflammation\ inside\ my\ artery\ that\ made\ it\
easy\ to\ form\ fatty\ streaks,\ which\ lead\ to\ my\ clogged\ artery.”
D) “If\ I\ do\ not\ exercise\ regularly\ to\ get\ my\ heart\ rate\ up,\ blood\ pools\ in\ the\ veins\
causing\ a\ clot\ that\ stops\ blood\ flow\ to\ the\ muscle,\ and\ I\ will\ have\ a\ heart\ attack.”
Ans:\ C
Feedback:
The\ true\ etiology/cause\ of\ coronary\ artery\ disease\ (CAD)\ is\ unknown;\ however,\ the\
pathogenesis\ of\ the\ disorder\ relates\ to\ the\ progression\ of\ the\ inflammatory\ process\ from\
a\ fatty\ streak\ to\ the\ occlusive\ vessel\ lesion\ seen\ in\ people\ with\ coronary\ artery\ disease.\
Risk\ factors\ for\ CAD\ revolve\ around\ cigarette\ smoking,\ diet\ high\ in\ fat,\ and\ lack\ of\
exercise.
6. A\ 77-year-old\ man\ is\ a\ hospital\ inpatient\ admitted\ for\ exacerbation\ of\ his\ chronic\
obstructive\ pulmonary\ disease\ (COPD),\ and\ a\ respiratory\ therapist\ (RT)\ is\ assessing\ the\
client\ for\ the\ first\ time.\ WhichNU
ofRthSeIfN
olGloTwBin.gCaOspMects\ of\ the\ patient's\ current\ state\ of\
health\ would\ be\ best\ characterized\ as\ a\ symptom\ rather\ than\ a\ sign?
A) The\ patient's\ oxygen\ saturation\ is\ 83%\ by\ pulse\ oxymetry.
B) The\ patient\ notes\ that\ he\ has\ increased\ work\ of\ breathing\ when\ lying\ supine.
C) The\ RT\ hears\ diminished\ breath\ sounds\ to\ the\ patient's\ lower\ lung\ fields\
bilaterally.
D) The\ patient's\ respiratory\ rate\ is\ 31\ breaths/minute.\
Ans:\ B
Feedback:
Symptoms\ are\ subjective\ complaints\ by\ the\ person\ experiencing\ the\ health\ problem,\
such\ as\ complaints\ of\ breathing\ difficulty.\ Oxygen\ levels,\ listening\ to\ breath\ sounds,\
and\ respiratory\ rate\ are\ all\ objective,\ observable\ signs\ of\ disease.
