2025 ACVPM PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
SOLVED 100% CORRECT!!
Concentrated Animal Feeding Unit (CAFO) - -USDA definition of CAFO:
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation
intensive Animal Feeding Operation (AFO) in which over 1000 animal units
are confined for over 45 days a year.
Animal unit: equivalent to 1000 pounds of "live" animal weight.
A thousand animal units equates to:
1000 cows
700 cows used for dairy purposes
2500 pigs weighing more than 55 lbs
125,000 chickens
82,000 egg laying hens or pullets
--Brevetoxin - -A group of similar neurotoxic compounds which are
tasteless and odorless. Although toxicity can result from inhalational,
dermal, or oral exposure, the most common route of exposure is by oral
ingestion of contaminated shellfish. Illness from oral ingestion is
characterized by a combination of gastrointestinal and neurologic signs
and symptoms. Gastrointestinal symptoms include abdominal pain,
vomiting, and diarrhea. Neurologic signs and symptoms include
paresthesias, reversal of hot and cold temperature sensation, vertigo, and
ataxia. Inhalational exposure may cause respiratory symptoms such as
cough, dyspnea and bronchospasm. This type of toxin can also cause
illness in aquatic wildlife.
--domoic acid - -Potent neurotoxin produced by harmful algal blooms of
marine phytoplankton Pseudo-nitzschia.
Kainic acid-type neurotoxin (activates glutamate receptors) that causes
amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), produced by algae and accumulates in
shellfish, sardines, and anchovies.
--acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) - -whiteleg shrimp
Penaeus vannamei in Texas
pirA and pirB toxin genes identical to those detected in other AHPND-
causing Vibrio sp. / V. parahaemolyticus
--Marburg virus - -Hemorrhagic filovirus endemic to central/south Africa,
reservoir is Egyptian fruit bat (rousettus aegyptiacus), humans often
exposed within caves.
January 2020: discovered in Sierra Leone, 1st in W Africa, more widely
distributed than prev understood
--viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus IVb (VHSV IVb) - -fish deaths, great
lakes
--Micropolyspora faeni and Termoactinomyces vulgaris - -Bacteria
commonly assoc w Farmers Lung (also aspergillus mold)
, --African Swine Fever (ASF) - -large DNA virus of the Asfarviridae family
infects ticks of the genus Ornithodoros, other bloodsucking insects may be
able to transmit mechanically.
--Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis - -Amphibian Chytrid Fungus,
Chytridiomycosis, tx itraconazole
--Category A bioterrorism agents - -Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)
Botulism (Clostridium botulinum toxin)
Plague (Yersinia pestis)
Smallpox (variola major)
Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)
Viral hemorrhagic fevers, includingFiloviruses (Ebola,
Marburg)Arenaviruses (Lassa, Machupo)
--Category A Bio terrorism Agents - -can be easily disseminated or
transmitted from person to person;
result in high mortality rates and have the potential for major public
health impact;
might cause public panic and social disruption; and
require special action for public health preparedness.
--Category B bioterrorism agents - -are moderately easy to disseminate;
result in moderate morbidity rates and low mortality rates; and
require specific enhancements of CDC's diagnostic capacity and enhanced
disease surveillance.
--Category B bioterrorism agents - -Brucellosis (Brucella species)
Epsilon toxin of Clostridium perfringens
Food safety threats (Salmonella species, Escherichia coli O157:H7,
Shigella)
Glanders (Burkholderia mallei)
Melioidosis (Burkholderia pseudomallei)
Psittacosis (Chlamydia psittaci)
Q fever (Coxiella burnetii)
Ricin toxin from Ricinus communis (castor beans)
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B
Typhus fever (Rickettsia prowazekii)
Viral encephalitis (alphaviruses, such as eastern equine encephalitis,
Venezuelan equine encephalitis, and western equine encephalitis])
Water safety threats (Vibrio cholerae, Cryptosporidium parvum)
--Category C bioterrorism agents - -could be engineered for mass
dissemination in the future because of
availability;
ease of production and dissemination; and
potential for high morbidity and mortality rates and major health impact.
Emerging infectious diseases such as Nipah virus and hantavirus
SOLVED 100% CORRECT!!
Concentrated Animal Feeding Unit (CAFO) - -USDA definition of CAFO:
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation
intensive Animal Feeding Operation (AFO) in which over 1000 animal units
are confined for over 45 days a year.
Animal unit: equivalent to 1000 pounds of "live" animal weight.
A thousand animal units equates to:
1000 cows
700 cows used for dairy purposes
2500 pigs weighing more than 55 lbs
125,000 chickens
82,000 egg laying hens or pullets
--Brevetoxin - -A group of similar neurotoxic compounds which are
tasteless and odorless. Although toxicity can result from inhalational,
dermal, or oral exposure, the most common route of exposure is by oral
ingestion of contaminated shellfish. Illness from oral ingestion is
characterized by a combination of gastrointestinal and neurologic signs
and symptoms. Gastrointestinal symptoms include abdominal pain,
vomiting, and diarrhea. Neurologic signs and symptoms include
paresthesias, reversal of hot and cold temperature sensation, vertigo, and
ataxia. Inhalational exposure may cause respiratory symptoms such as
cough, dyspnea and bronchospasm. This type of toxin can also cause
illness in aquatic wildlife.
--domoic acid - -Potent neurotoxin produced by harmful algal blooms of
marine phytoplankton Pseudo-nitzschia.
Kainic acid-type neurotoxin (activates glutamate receptors) that causes
amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), produced by algae and accumulates in
shellfish, sardines, and anchovies.
--acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) - -whiteleg shrimp
Penaeus vannamei in Texas
pirA and pirB toxin genes identical to those detected in other AHPND-
causing Vibrio sp. / V. parahaemolyticus
--Marburg virus - -Hemorrhagic filovirus endemic to central/south Africa,
reservoir is Egyptian fruit bat (rousettus aegyptiacus), humans often
exposed within caves.
January 2020: discovered in Sierra Leone, 1st in W Africa, more widely
distributed than prev understood
--viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus IVb (VHSV IVb) - -fish deaths, great
lakes
--Micropolyspora faeni and Termoactinomyces vulgaris - -Bacteria
commonly assoc w Farmers Lung (also aspergillus mold)
, --African Swine Fever (ASF) - -large DNA virus of the Asfarviridae family
infects ticks of the genus Ornithodoros, other bloodsucking insects may be
able to transmit mechanically.
--Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis - -Amphibian Chytrid Fungus,
Chytridiomycosis, tx itraconazole
--Category A bioterrorism agents - -Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)
Botulism (Clostridium botulinum toxin)
Plague (Yersinia pestis)
Smallpox (variola major)
Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)
Viral hemorrhagic fevers, includingFiloviruses (Ebola,
Marburg)Arenaviruses (Lassa, Machupo)
--Category A Bio terrorism Agents - -can be easily disseminated or
transmitted from person to person;
result in high mortality rates and have the potential for major public
health impact;
might cause public panic and social disruption; and
require special action for public health preparedness.
--Category B bioterrorism agents - -are moderately easy to disseminate;
result in moderate morbidity rates and low mortality rates; and
require specific enhancements of CDC's diagnostic capacity and enhanced
disease surveillance.
--Category B bioterrorism agents - -Brucellosis (Brucella species)
Epsilon toxin of Clostridium perfringens
Food safety threats (Salmonella species, Escherichia coli O157:H7,
Shigella)
Glanders (Burkholderia mallei)
Melioidosis (Burkholderia pseudomallei)
Psittacosis (Chlamydia psittaci)
Q fever (Coxiella burnetii)
Ricin toxin from Ricinus communis (castor beans)
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B
Typhus fever (Rickettsia prowazekii)
Viral encephalitis (alphaviruses, such as eastern equine encephalitis,
Venezuelan equine encephalitis, and western equine encephalitis])
Water safety threats (Vibrio cholerae, Cryptosporidium parvum)
--Category C bioterrorism agents - -could be engineered for mass
dissemination in the future because of
availability;
ease of production and dissemination; and
potential for high morbidity and mortality rates and major health impact.
Emerging infectious diseases such as Nipah virus and hantavirus
