ACVPM Infectious Diseases-Questions with Correct
Solutions
What was the original reason for establishing the national poultry improvement plan?
Eradicate Pullorm disease, caused by Salmonella pullorm which caused upwards of 80%
mortality in baby poultry
What are some important determinants of vector borne disease transmission?
survival and reproduction/biting rate/ pathogen incubation rate
How is Malaria affected by climate? el nino?
Generally increases in wetter/humid times of the year which could impact disease rates with
climate change
Five fold increase in years after el nino
Why do Flu viruses mutate so much?
RNA virus, so poor fidelity when replicating
Which influenza strains can be highly pathogenic?
H5/H7
Why does high path AI affect the meat of poultry but not low path?
High path cause viremia infecting all tissues, low path typically onl affects respiratory +/- GI
Why are swine able to mix influenza viruses?
have receptors in their respiratory tract for both mammalian and avian influenza viruses
,What are the most important reservoirs of Coxiella burnetti
cattle, sheep, and goats
What are the symptoms of Q fever in people?
mild flu like symptoms, can be severe causing heart and liver problems
How is Q fever spread?
inhalation of bacteria spread in amniotic fluid, placenta, and feces (ticks possible, raw milk)
What did the 2007 dairy study reveal about the prevalence of C burnetti in U.S. dairy
herds?
Increasing prevalence as herd size increased with 69.8percent of small operations testing positive
and 98.8 percent of large operations testing positive with PCR
What area of the country is coccidioidmycosis (valley fever typically reported?
southwest (it lives in the soil)
What are the symptoms of coccidioides infection?
fever/cough/rash/muscle aches, severe cases can cause chronic pneumonia and/or meningitis
Who is most at risk of coccidioides?
those with work place exposure (military, border guards), those over 60, women in 3rd trimester,
immunocompromised
What is the reservoir of Baylisascaris procyonis
racoon
, What species can be infected by B. procyonis?
Almost anything to include chickens, quails, dogs, cats, rabbits. Which typically get it on their
fur from the soil and ingest during grooming.
What are the common sequela of B procyonis infection in people?
visceral, ocurlar, or neural larval migrans
What disinfectant works best on B procyonis?
none :(
How do raccoons get B procyonis?
Grooming each other when young, ingesting infected animals (such as rodents)
Where do raccoons typically defecate? which is the likely source of B procyonis
contamination
The use communal latrines which can be manmade or natural structures such as woodpiles, trash
cans, flower beds, sand boxes
What is cat scratch disease's (Bartonellosis) typical incubation period in people?
14 days
Aside from cats, how else can someone become infected by Bartonella?
Vectors (ticks, fleas, sandflies)
What are the symptoms of Bartonella in people?
RED RASH, flu like symptoms, lymphadenopathy, fever, progressive neurologic abnormalities
Solutions
What was the original reason for establishing the national poultry improvement plan?
Eradicate Pullorm disease, caused by Salmonella pullorm which caused upwards of 80%
mortality in baby poultry
What are some important determinants of vector borne disease transmission?
survival and reproduction/biting rate/ pathogen incubation rate
How is Malaria affected by climate? el nino?
Generally increases in wetter/humid times of the year which could impact disease rates with
climate change
Five fold increase in years after el nino
Why do Flu viruses mutate so much?
RNA virus, so poor fidelity when replicating
Which influenza strains can be highly pathogenic?
H5/H7
Why does high path AI affect the meat of poultry but not low path?
High path cause viremia infecting all tissues, low path typically onl affects respiratory +/- GI
Why are swine able to mix influenza viruses?
have receptors in their respiratory tract for both mammalian and avian influenza viruses
,What are the most important reservoirs of Coxiella burnetti
cattle, sheep, and goats
What are the symptoms of Q fever in people?
mild flu like symptoms, can be severe causing heart and liver problems
How is Q fever spread?
inhalation of bacteria spread in amniotic fluid, placenta, and feces (ticks possible, raw milk)
What did the 2007 dairy study reveal about the prevalence of C burnetti in U.S. dairy
herds?
Increasing prevalence as herd size increased with 69.8percent of small operations testing positive
and 98.8 percent of large operations testing positive with PCR
What area of the country is coccidioidmycosis (valley fever typically reported?
southwest (it lives in the soil)
What are the symptoms of coccidioides infection?
fever/cough/rash/muscle aches, severe cases can cause chronic pneumonia and/or meningitis
Who is most at risk of coccidioides?
those with work place exposure (military, border guards), those over 60, women in 3rd trimester,
immunocompromised
What is the reservoir of Baylisascaris procyonis
racoon
, What species can be infected by B. procyonis?
Almost anything to include chickens, quails, dogs, cats, rabbits. Which typically get it on their
fur from the soil and ingest during grooming.
What are the common sequela of B procyonis infection in people?
visceral, ocurlar, or neural larval migrans
What disinfectant works best on B procyonis?
none :(
How do raccoons get B procyonis?
Grooming each other when young, ingesting infected animals (such as rodents)
Where do raccoons typically defecate? which is the likely source of B procyonis
contamination
The use communal latrines which can be manmade or natural structures such as woodpiles, trash
cans, flower beds, sand boxes
What is cat scratch disease's (Bartonellosis) typical incubation period in people?
14 days
Aside from cats, how else can someone become infected by Bartonella?
Vectors (ticks, fleas, sandflies)
What are the symptoms of Bartonella in people?
RED RASH, flu like symptoms, lymphadenopathy, fever, progressive neurologic abnormalities
