PSYC 388 INTRODUCTION TO
COUNSELLING FINAL PAPER 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS CORRECT
ANSWERS
⩥ problems with tests is that. Answer: tests are not administered and
interpreted properly
culturally biased,
measure irrelevant skills,
used mechanically,
invade privacy,
can be faked,
foster undesirable competition.
⩥ Benefits of test. Answer: help clients gaining self-understanding,
,help counsellors decide if they can help clients,
better understand clients,
predict future performance of clients in some areas,
evaluate outcome of counselling
⩥ Four types of validity. Answer: content, construct, criterion, and
consequential
⩥ Reliability. Answer: Dependability or trustworthiness of test -- does it
produce consistent test scores when people are retested or tested with
similar instrument?
⩥ Types of Reliability. Answer: test-retest
parallel form -- two equivalent forms of the same test
internal consistency -- scores of two arbitrarily selected parts of test
compared.
,⩥ Classifications of tests. Answer: standardized versus non-
standardized,
individual versus group,
speed versus power (time limit versus no limit), performance (moving
objects around) compared to paper and pencil,
and objective versus subjective,
⩥ Classification of types of tests. Answer: mental ability,
aptitude,
achievement,
interests,
careers,
personality
⩥ Criticism of intelligence tests. Answer: measure learning but not
potential for learning,
do not measure other forms of intelligence,
reveal more about better educational opportunities,
overemphasize mental speed.
, ⩥ Binet. Answer: Father of Stanford-Binent Intelligence Scale,
published in 1916
⩥ Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). Answer: the WAIS is the
most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance
(nonverbal) subtests
⩥ Identify the different groups of standardized tests. Identify the
characteristics of each, and explain the process a counsellor might
follow in selecting a test to use with a client.. Answer:
Intelligence/Aptitude:
Attempt to measure general intelligence and special aptitude. Very
controversial. Measures certain skills such as math and verbal ability,
but completely omits others. No real universally accepted definition of
the word intelligence. Aptitude tests are designed to tap a narrower range
of abilities.
Interest/Career: Measures the relationship between ability and an interest
in exercising that ability. There are resource books available to
counsellors to help them navigate the hundreds of available tests.
Personality: There are a number of personality theories that examine the
biological, social and environmental aspects of human beings. A
personality test may be defined as any of several methods of analyzing
personality, such as checklists, personality inventories, and projective
techniques. There are objective and projective personality tests.
COUNSELLING FINAL PAPER 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS CORRECT
ANSWERS
⩥ problems with tests is that. Answer: tests are not administered and
interpreted properly
culturally biased,
measure irrelevant skills,
used mechanically,
invade privacy,
can be faked,
foster undesirable competition.
⩥ Benefits of test. Answer: help clients gaining self-understanding,
,help counsellors decide if they can help clients,
better understand clients,
predict future performance of clients in some areas,
evaluate outcome of counselling
⩥ Four types of validity. Answer: content, construct, criterion, and
consequential
⩥ Reliability. Answer: Dependability or trustworthiness of test -- does it
produce consistent test scores when people are retested or tested with
similar instrument?
⩥ Types of Reliability. Answer: test-retest
parallel form -- two equivalent forms of the same test
internal consistency -- scores of two arbitrarily selected parts of test
compared.
,⩥ Classifications of tests. Answer: standardized versus non-
standardized,
individual versus group,
speed versus power (time limit versus no limit), performance (moving
objects around) compared to paper and pencil,
and objective versus subjective,
⩥ Classification of types of tests. Answer: mental ability,
aptitude,
achievement,
interests,
careers,
personality
⩥ Criticism of intelligence tests. Answer: measure learning but not
potential for learning,
do not measure other forms of intelligence,
reveal more about better educational opportunities,
overemphasize mental speed.
, ⩥ Binet. Answer: Father of Stanford-Binent Intelligence Scale,
published in 1916
⩥ Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). Answer: the WAIS is the
most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance
(nonverbal) subtests
⩥ Identify the different groups of standardized tests. Identify the
characteristics of each, and explain the process a counsellor might
follow in selecting a test to use with a client.. Answer:
Intelligence/Aptitude:
Attempt to measure general intelligence and special aptitude. Very
controversial. Measures certain skills such as math and verbal ability,
but completely omits others. No real universally accepted definition of
the word intelligence. Aptitude tests are designed to tap a narrower range
of abilities.
Interest/Career: Measures the relationship between ability and an interest
in exercising that ability. There are resource books available to
counsellors to help them navigate the hundreds of available tests.
Personality: There are a number of personality theories that examine the
biological, social and environmental aspects of human beings. A
personality test may be defined as any of several methods of analyzing
personality, such as checklists, personality inventories, and projective
techniques. There are objective and projective personality tests.
