PSYC 388 INTRODUCTION TO
COUNSELLING FINAL EXAM SCRIPT 2026
TEST BANK SOLVED 100% ACCURATE
⩥ Clifford Beers. Answer: Wrote book on his experience with mental
illness
⩥ Clarence Hincks. Answer: Founded the Canadian Mental health
Association (1918)
⩥ Trait-And-Factor Counseling. Answer: Problem-solving approach to
vocational counselling where students are taught the skills they need to
get jobs
⩥ 5 Life Tasks of the Wellness Model. Answer: Spirituality
Self-Direction
Work and Leisure
Friendship
Love
⩥ Social Justice. Answer: justice in terms of the distribution of wealth,
opportunities, and privileges within a society.
,⩥ Rollo May's Wounded Healer. Answer: People who have through hurt
gained insight into themselves and the world, and can help others
overcome emotional problems
⩥ Lynn Schecter. Answer: Worked through 911 and Hurricane Katrina
with the help of a support system
⩥ Levels of Helping. Answer: Nonprofessional (Friends and Colleagues)
Paraprofessional (Mental Health Technicians)
Professional (Counsellors etc)
⩥ Four Models of Attribution. Answer: Medical: Cause X Solution X
Counsellor as Expert
Moral: Cause Y Solution Y
Counsellor as Coach
Compensatory: Cause X Solution Y
Counsellor as Teacher
Enlightenment: Cause Y Solution X
Counsellor as Authority
, ⩥ STIPS (Prieto and Schaal). Answer: Often used in training
Signs and symtopms
Topics discussed in Counselling
Interventions used
Progress and continuing plan
Special issues of importance
⩥ Ethics vs Morality. Answer: Ethics: Principles and Standards
Morality: Evaluation or a Judgment
⩥ 5 Types of Ethical Dilemmas. Answer: Confidentiality
Role Conflict
Counsellor Competence
Conflicts with Employer/Institution
Degree of Dangerousness
COUNSELLING FINAL EXAM SCRIPT 2026
TEST BANK SOLVED 100% ACCURATE
⩥ Clifford Beers. Answer: Wrote book on his experience with mental
illness
⩥ Clarence Hincks. Answer: Founded the Canadian Mental health
Association (1918)
⩥ Trait-And-Factor Counseling. Answer: Problem-solving approach to
vocational counselling where students are taught the skills they need to
get jobs
⩥ 5 Life Tasks of the Wellness Model. Answer: Spirituality
Self-Direction
Work and Leisure
Friendship
Love
⩥ Social Justice. Answer: justice in terms of the distribution of wealth,
opportunities, and privileges within a society.
,⩥ Rollo May's Wounded Healer. Answer: People who have through hurt
gained insight into themselves and the world, and can help others
overcome emotional problems
⩥ Lynn Schecter. Answer: Worked through 911 and Hurricane Katrina
with the help of a support system
⩥ Levels of Helping. Answer: Nonprofessional (Friends and Colleagues)
Paraprofessional (Mental Health Technicians)
Professional (Counsellors etc)
⩥ Four Models of Attribution. Answer: Medical: Cause X Solution X
Counsellor as Expert
Moral: Cause Y Solution Y
Counsellor as Coach
Compensatory: Cause X Solution Y
Counsellor as Teacher
Enlightenment: Cause Y Solution X
Counsellor as Authority
, ⩥ STIPS (Prieto and Schaal). Answer: Often used in training
Signs and symtopms
Topics discussed in Counselling
Interventions used
Progress and continuing plan
Special issues of importance
⩥ Ethics vs Morality. Answer: Ethics: Principles and Standards
Morality: Evaluation or a Judgment
⩥ 5 Types of Ethical Dilemmas. Answer: Confidentiality
Role Conflict
Counsellor Competence
Conflicts with Employer/Institution
Degree of Dangerousness
