NYSTCE 245 SCIENCE VERIFIED ACCURATE STUDY
GUIDE
erosion - Answers -action of the surface processes that remove soil, rock, or dissolved
material from one location on Earth's crust and then trasport it away to another location
salinity of water - Answers -35 parts per 1,000
tropic of capricorn - Answers -circle of latitude that contains the subsolar point on the
December solstice
Technological Revolution examples - Answers -mass production (pottery),
mechanization (cotton industry),
iron industry (cheap),
steam engine (most revolutionary invention, allowed deeper travel),
railroads (triggered coal industry)
technological revolution - Answers -relatively short period in history when one
technology is replaced by another, in a way that changes our lives
electrical engineering - Answers -a field of engineering that deals with the study and
application of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism
solids - Answers -one of the four fundamental states of matter
phase change - Answers -a change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another
without a change in chemical composition
Fission - Answers -The splitting of an atomic nucleus to release energy.
Fusion - Answers -Creation of energy by joining the nuclei of two hydrogen atoms to
form helium.
Steps of the Scientific Method - Answers -question, hypothesis,
observation/experiment, analysis conclusion
experiments must be . . . - Answers -repeatable, supported or not supported
theory - Answers -a generally accepted summary of a hypothesis or a group of
hypotheses that scientists agree on
law - Answers -viewed as universal fact, statement about a group of observation that
has no rule
, isotonic solution - Answers -A solution in which the concentration of solutes is
essentially equal to the concentration of it's surroundings
hypotonic solutions - Answers -have a lower solute concentration then the solution they
are surrounded by
hypertonic solution - Answers -has a higher solute concentration than it's surroundings
internal validity vs external validity - Answers -- Internal Validity: The ability of your
research design to test your hypothesis. Does it test what it's designed to?
- External Validity: The degree to which a study's results can be extended into the real
world
why temperatures are different even though the sun produces the same amount of
radiation - Answers --earth is rotating on it's axis and in an orbit, so more radiation is
absorbed at the equator than at the poles, partially because of the angle and partly
because the atmosphere is thicker at the equation
earth's axis tilt - Answers -23.4 degrees
new moon - Answers -we can't see the moon at all, because the half that is illuminated
is the far side of the moon
first quarter moon - Answers -one week after new moon, western half is illuminated
Waxing Gibbous Moon - Answers -The moon's phase in which the sunlight portion of
the moon is still growing larger and the right side, but is now more than half.
full moon - Answers -two weeks after the new moon, moon is directly opposite our sun
waning gibbous moon - Answers -The phase in which the sunlight portion of the moon
is beginning to shrink smaller and illuminated side is pointing to the east
third quarter moon - Answers -Three weeks after the new moon, we again can see half
of the illuminated part. This is usually called third quarter, or last quarter moon.
tidal force - Answers -a force that occurs when the gravity pulling on one side of an
object is larger than that on the other side, causing the object to stretch, causes the
levels of the oceans
tidal bulge - Answers -a bulge of water formed by the pull of the Sun and Moon's
gravity. Occurs when the earth's center is closer to the moon, so the moon pulls the
earth away from the oceans, water flows into a bulge on the far side.
GUIDE
erosion - Answers -action of the surface processes that remove soil, rock, or dissolved
material from one location on Earth's crust and then trasport it away to another location
salinity of water - Answers -35 parts per 1,000
tropic of capricorn - Answers -circle of latitude that contains the subsolar point on the
December solstice
Technological Revolution examples - Answers -mass production (pottery),
mechanization (cotton industry),
iron industry (cheap),
steam engine (most revolutionary invention, allowed deeper travel),
railroads (triggered coal industry)
technological revolution - Answers -relatively short period in history when one
technology is replaced by another, in a way that changes our lives
electrical engineering - Answers -a field of engineering that deals with the study and
application of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism
solids - Answers -one of the four fundamental states of matter
phase change - Answers -a change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another
without a change in chemical composition
Fission - Answers -The splitting of an atomic nucleus to release energy.
Fusion - Answers -Creation of energy by joining the nuclei of two hydrogen atoms to
form helium.
Steps of the Scientific Method - Answers -question, hypothesis,
observation/experiment, analysis conclusion
experiments must be . . . - Answers -repeatable, supported or not supported
theory - Answers -a generally accepted summary of a hypothesis or a group of
hypotheses that scientists agree on
law - Answers -viewed as universal fact, statement about a group of observation that
has no rule
, isotonic solution - Answers -A solution in which the concentration of solutes is
essentially equal to the concentration of it's surroundings
hypotonic solutions - Answers -have a lower solute concentration then the solution they
are surrounded by
hypertonic solution - Answers -has a higher solute concentration than it's surroundings
internal validity vs external validity - Answers -- Internal Validity: The ability of your
research design to test your hypothesis. Does it test what it's designed to?
- External Validity: The degree to which a study's results can be extended into the real
world
why temperatures are different even though the sun produces the same amount of
radiation - Answers --earth is rotating on it's axis and in an orbit, so more radiation is
absorbed at the equator than at the poles, partially because of the angle and partly
because the atmosphere is thicker at the equation
earth's axis tilt - Answers -23.4 degrees
new moon - Answers -we can't see the moon at all, because the half that is illuminated
is the far side of the moon
first quarter moon - Answers -one week after new moon, western half is illuminated
Waxing Gibbous Moon - Answers -The moon's phase in which the sunlight portion of
the moon is still growing larger and the right side, but is now more than half.
full moon - Answers -two weeks after the new moon, moon is directly opposite our sun
waning gibbous moon - Answers -The phase in which the sunlight portion of the moon
is beginning to shrink smaller and illuminated side is pointing to the east
third quarter moon - Answers -Three weeks after the new moon, we again can see half
of the illuminated part. This is usually called third quarter, or last quarter moon.
tidal force - Answers -a force that occurs when the gravity pulling on one side of an
object is larger than that on the other side, causing the object to stretch, causes the
levels of the oceans
tidal bulge - Answers -a bulge of water formed by the pull of the Sun and Moon's
gravity. Occurs when the earth's center is closer to the moon, so the moon pulls the
earth away from the oceans, water flows into a bulge on the far side.
