NCLEX Pharmacology Test Bank Exam Verified
Questions, Correct Answers, and Detailed
Explanations for Students||Already Graded
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1. A patient is prescribed furosemide. Which electrolyte imbalance is the
patient at highest risk for?
a) Hyperkalemia
b) Hypokalemia
c) Hypernatremia
d) Hypercalcemia
Loop diuretics like furosemide increase potassium excretion, leading to
hypokalemia.
2. Which of the following medications is classified as a beta-blocker?
a) Lisinopril
b) Metoprolol
c) Amlodipine
d) Losartan
Metoprolol selectively blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors, reducing heart
rate and blood pressure.
3. A nurse is administering digoxin. What is a key sign of digoxin toxicity?
a) Hyperreflexia
b) Visual disturbances (yellow/green halos)
c) Hyperactivity
d) Bradykinesia
Digoxin toxicity can cause visual changes, nausea, and arrhythmias.
4. Which medication is commonly used to treat anaphylaxis?
a) Diphenhydramine
b) Loratadine
c) Epinephrine
d) Prednisone
Epinephrine is the drug of choice for immediate treatment of severe
allergic reactions.
,5. A patient taking warfarin should avoid which food?
a) Apples
b) Leafy green vegetables
c) Rice
d) Fish
Vitamin K-rich foods like spinach can reduce warfarin’s anticoagulant
effect.
6. The antidote for heparin overdose is:
a) Vitamin K
b) Protamine sulfate
c) Protamine sulfate
d) Naloxone
Protamine sulfate binds heparin and neutralizes its anticoagulant effect.
7. Which drug is used as first-line treatment for hypertension in
pregnancy?
a) Lisinopril
b) Methyldopa
c) Losartan
d) Atenolol
Methyldopa is considered safe in pregnancy for managing high blood
pressure.
8. A patient is prescribed albuterol. What is its primary action?
a) Anti-inflammatory
b) Bronchodilation
c) Sedation
d) Expectorant
Albuterol is a beta-2 agonist that relaxes bronchial smooth muscles.
9. Which adverse effect is associated with aminoglycosides?
a) Hepatotoxicity
b) Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
c) Hypoglycemia
d) Hypokalemia
Aminoglycosides like gentamicin can damage kidneys and the auditory
nerve.
, 10.A patient is prescribed metformin. Which statement indicates
understanding of precautions?
a) "I can drink alcohol freely."
b) "I should skip meals."
c) "I should notify my provider if I have contrast dye."
d) "I should double my dose if I miss one."
Metformin can cause lactic acidosis in patients receiving iodinated
contrast.
11.Which medication is commonly prescribed to prevent clot formation in
atrial fibrillation?
a) Aspirin
b) Warfarin
c) Furosemide
d) Lisinopril
Warfarin reduces stroke risk by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting
factors.
12.A patient taking statins should report which symptom immediately?
a) Headache
b) Mild fatigue
c) Muscle pain or weakness
d) Mild nausea
Statins can rarely cause rhabdomyolysis, which is life-threatening.
13.What is the primary use of allopurinol?
a) Treat hypertension
b) Treat diabetes
c) Prevent gout attacks
d) Treat infections
Allopurinol reduces uric acid production to prevent gout flares.
14.Which is an example of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI)?
a) Ranitidine
b) Famotidine
c) Omeprazole
d) Aluminum hydroxide
Omeprazole suppresses gastric acid by inhibiting the proton pump in
stomach parietal cells.
Questions, Correct Answers, and Detailed
Explanations for Students||Already Graded
A+
1. A patient is prescribed furosemide. Which electrolyte imbalance is the
patient at highest risk for?
a) Hyperkalemia
b) Hypokalemia
c) Hypernatremia
d) Hypercalcemia
Loop diuretics like furosemide increase potassium excretion, leading to
hypokalemia.
2. Which of the following medications is classified as a beta-blocker?
a) Lisinopril
b) Metoprolol
c) Amlodipine
d) Losartan
Metoprolol selectively blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors, reducing heart
rate and blood pressure.
3. A nurse is administering digoxin. What is a key sign of digoxin toxicity?
a) Hyperreflexia
b) Visual disturbances (yellow/green halos)
c) Hyperactivity
d) Bradykinesia
Digoxin toxicity can cause visual changes, nausea, and arrhythmias.
4. Which medication is commonly used to treat anaphylaxis?
a) Diphenhydramine
b) Loratadine
c) Epinephrine
d) Prednisone
Epinephrine is the drug of choice for immediate treatment of severe
allergic reactions.
,5. A patient taking warfarin should avoid which food?
a) Apples
b) Leafy green vegetables
c) Rice
d) Fish
Vitamin K-rich foods like spinach can reduce warfarin’s anticoagulant
effect.
6. The antidote for heparin overdose is:
a) Vitamin K
b) Protamine sulfate
c) Protamine sulfate
d) Naloxone
Protamine sulfate binds heparin and neutralizes its anticoagulant effect.
7. Which drug is used as first-line treatment for hypertension in
pregnancy?
a) Lisinopril
b) Methyldopa
c) Losartan
d) Atenolol
Methyldopa is considered safe in pregnancy for managing high blood
pressure.
8. A patient is prescribed albuterol. What is its primary action?
a) Anti-inflammatory
b) Bronchodilation
c) Sedation
d) Expectorant
Albuterol is a beta-2 agonist that relaxes bronchial smooth muscles.
9. Which adverse effect is associated with aminoglycosides?
a) Hepatotoxicity
b) Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
c) Hypoglycemia
d) Hypokalemia
Aminoglycosides like gentamicin can damage kidneys and the auditory
nerve.
, 10.A patient is prescribed metformin. Which statement indicates
understanding of precautions?
a) "I can drink alcohol freely."
b) "I should skip meals."
c) "I should notify my provider if I have contrast dye."
d) "I should double my dose if I miss one."
Metformin can cause lactic acidosis in patients receiving iodinated
contrast.
11.Which medication is commonly prescribed to prevent clot formation in
atrial fibrillation?
a) Aspirin
b) Warfarin
c) Furosemide
d) Lisinopril
Warfarin reduces stroke risk by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting
factors.
12.A patient taking statins should report which symptom immediately?
a) Headache
b) Mild fatigue
c) Muscle pain or weakness
d) Mild nausea
Statins can rarely cause rhabdomyolysis, which is life-threatening.
13.What is the primary use of allopurinol?
a) Treat hypertension
b) Treat diabetes
c) Prevent gout attacks
d) Treat infections
Allopurinol reduces uric acid production to prevent gout flares.
14.Which is an example of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI)?
a) Ranitidine
b) Famotidine
c) Omeprazole
d) Aluminum hydroxide
Omeprazole suppresses gastric acid by inhibiting the proton pump in
stomach parietal cells.
