Pathophysiology NR 283 Exam 1 – Practice Questions &
Verified Answers | Chamberlain | Latest Update 2026 |
Graded A+
1. What is the most abundant immunoglobulin found in human blood?
IgM
IgG
IgE
IgA
2. Describe the physiological effects of hypoxia on the body.
Hypoxia leads to insufficient oxygen supply, which can impair cellular function
and metabolism.
Hypoxia increases oxygen levels in the bloodstream, enhancing energy
production.
Hypoxia has no significant effects on the body's metabolism.
Hypoxia causes the body to produce more red blood cells to compensate.
3. Describe how IgA contributes to the immune defense of infants.
IgA is primarily involved in oxygen transport in the blood.
IgA plays a role in the synthesis of hormones.
IgA is responsible for the digestion of nutrients.
IgA helps protect infants by transferring maternal antibodies through
colostrum and other secretions, which aids in their immune defense.
,4. In a scenario where a person has a cut that becomes infected, which lines of defense
are primarily activated, and what are their roles?
Only the 1st line of defense is activated, as the skin prevents all infections.
The 1st line of defense (skin barrier) is breached, activating the 2nd line of
defense (inflammatory response and phagocytosis).
The 2nd line of defense is activated without any role of the 1st line.
Both lines of defense are equally activated at the same time.
5. You re assigned a pt with a dx of increased intracranial pressure. The doctor has
ordered an IV of hypertonic solution. What is your understanding of the rationale for
using this solution?
This solution causes cells to expand or increase in size
It expands intrcellular volume
It provides needed fluid to maintain adequate intake and output balance
It reduces edema of the brain
6. What is the defining characteristic of autosomal dominant disorders?
Can have carriers who do not express the disease.
Only takes one gene for disease to show.
Always leads to severe symptoms.
Requires two genes for disease to manifest.
7. Describe the primary genetic anomaly associated with Turner Syndrome.
Turner Syndrome results from a duplication of chromosome 15.
Turner Syndrome is primarily caused by the absence of one X chromosome in
females.
, Turner Syndrome is caused by an extra chromosome 21.
Turner Syndrome is linked to a mutation in the Y chromosome.
8. What are some common symptoms associated with hypermagnesemia?
headache, insomnia, weight loss, joint pain muscle cramps,
fatigue, hypertension, fever vasodilation, nausea, emesis,
hypotension, cardiac arrest dizziness, increased heart rate,
dehydration, confusion
9. What type of genetic disorder is Huntington's Disease classified as?
Autosomal Dominant Disorder
Autosomal Recessive Disorder
X-linked Disorder
Mitochondrial Disorder
10. Most males with Klinefelter Syndrome have ______.
small testes that produce less testosterone
breast enlargement lack of facial/body hair
growth all of the above
11. Huntington's Disease is an adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder
characterized by
, Involuntary movements
Voluntary movements
Irreversible necrosis of muscle tissue
Rapid atrophy of brain tissue
12. Describe the potential health implications of hyperkalemia.
Hyperkalemia is associated with decreased heart rate and fatigue.
Hyperkalemia can lead to cardiac arrest, muscle weakness, and hyperactive
bowel sounds.
Hyperkalemia causes low blood pressure and dehydration.
Hyperkalemia results in increased calcium levels and muscle cramps.
13. Describe the role of IgM in the immune system's initial defense against pathogens.
IgM is involved in long-term immunity and memory cell formation.
IgM is the last antibody produced during an immune response.
IgM is primarily responsible for neutralizing toxins in the body.
IgM is the first antibody produced in response to an infection, providing an
immediate defense against pathogens.
14. Describe the primary biochemical consequence of Tay-Sachs disease and its effect on
the nervous system.
Tay-Sachs disease results in the lack of an enzyme, leading to the
accumulation of fatty proteins that damage nerve cells.
Tay-Sachs disease leads to the depletion of fatty proteins, which is beneficial
for nerve cells.
Verified Answers | Chamberlain | Latest Update 2026 |
Graded A+
1. What is the most abundant immunoglobulin found in human blood?
IgM
IgG
IgE
IgA
2. Describe the physiological effects of hypoxia on the body.
Hypoxia leads to insufficient oxygen supply, which can impair cellular function
and metabolism.
Hypoxia increases oxygen levels in the bloodstream, enhancing energy
production.
Hypoxia has no significant effects on the body's metabolism.
Hypoxia causes the body to produce more red blood cells to compensate.
3. Describe how IgA contributes to the immune defense of infants.
IgA is primarily involved in oxygen transport in the blood.
IgA plays a role in the synthesis of hormones.
IgA is responsible for the digestion of nutrients.
IgA helps protect infants by transferring maternal antibodies through
colostrum and other secretions, which aids in their immune defense.
,4. In a scenario where a person has a cut that becomes infected, which lines of defense
are primarily activated, and what are their roles?
Only the 1st line of defense is activated, as the skin prevents all infections.
The 1st line of defense (skin barrier) is breached, activating the 2nd line of
defense (inflammatory response and phagocytosis).
The 2nd line of defense is activated without any role of the 1st line.
Both lines of defense are equally activated at the same time.
5. You re assigned a pt with a dx of increased intracranial pressure. The doctor has
ordered an IV of hypertonic solution. What is your understanding of the rationale for
using this solution?
This solution causes cells to expand or increase in size
It expands intrcellular volume
It provides needed fluid to maintain adequate intake and output balance
It reduces edema of the brain
6. What is the defining characteristic of autosomal dominant disorders?
Can have carriers who do not express the disease.
Only takes one gene for disease to show.
Always leads to severe symptoms.
Requires two genes for disease to manifest.
7. Describe the primary genetic anomaly associated with Turner Syndrome.
Turner Syndrome results from a duplication of chromosome 15.
Turner Syndrome is primarily caused by the absence of one X chromosome in
females.
, Turner Syndrome is caused by an extra chromosome 21.
Turner Syndrome is linked to a mutation in the Y chromosome.
8. What are some common symptoms associated with hypermagnesemia?
headache, insomnia, weight loss, joint pain muscle cramps,
fatigue, hypertension, fever vasodilation, nausea, emesis,
hypotension, cardiac arrest dizziness, increased heart rate,
dehydration, confusion
9. What type of genetic disorder is Huntington's Disease classified as?
Autosomal Dominant Disorder
Autosomal Recessive Disorder
X-linked Disorder
Mitochondrial Disorder
10. Most males with Klinefelter Syndrome have ______.
small testes that produce less testosterone
breast enlargement lack of facial/body hair
growth all of the above
11. Huntington's Disease is an adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder
characterized by
, Involuntary movements
Voluntary movements
Irreversible necrosis of muscle tissue
Rapid atrophy of brain tissue
12. Describe the potential health implications of hyperkalemia.
Hyperkalemia is associated with decreased heart rate and fatigue.
Hyperkalemia can lead to cardiac arrest, muscle weakness, and hyperactive
bowel sounds.
Hyperkalemia causes low blood pressure and dehydration.
Hyperkalemia results in increased calcium levels and muscle cramps.
13. Describe the role of IgM in the immune system's initial defense against pathogens.
IgM is involved in long-term immunity and memory cell formation.
IgM is the last antibody produced during an immune response.
IgM is primarily responsible for neutralizing toxins in the body.
IgM is the first antibody produced in response to an infection, providing an
immediate defense against pathogens.
14. Describe the primary biochemical consequence of Tay-Sachs disease and its effect on
the nervous system.
Tay-Sachs disease results in the lack of an enzyme, leading to the
accumulation of fatty proteins that damage nerve cells.
Tay-Sachs disease leads to the depletion of fatty proteins, which is beneficial
for nerve cells.
