NCLEX REVIEW - ADULT HEALTH – Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Nursing: Assessment, Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnostic Procedures, Nutritional and Fluid Management, Post-Procedure Care, Disease-Specific Nursing Priorities, Complication

NCLEX REVIEW - ADULT HEALTH – Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Nursing: Assessment, Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnostic Procedures, Nutritional and Fluid Management, Post-Procedure Care, Disease-Specific Nursing Priorities, Complications Monitoring, Medication Management, and Patient Education for GI Disorders Including Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Gastritis, Peptic Ulcer Disease, GERD, Biliary Disorders, Cirrhosis, and Gastrointestinal Surgical Interventions Exam Questions Verified and Provided with Complete A+ Graded Answers Latest Updated 2026 retroperitoneal hemorrhage s/s: hypotension, back pain, grey-turner sign, hematoma, decreased distal pulses colostomy keep liquid stools from leaking out change bag q5-10 days increase fluid intake to prevent dehydration empty bag when 1/3 full Ulcerative colitis chronic inflammation leading to poor absorption of nutrients begins in rectum and spreads upward colon is edematous and bleeding lesions form frequent bloody diarrhea abd pain fever fatigue weight loss s/s ulcerative colitis NPO IV fluids monitor stools low fiber diet with vitamin supplements UC priority nursing Chron's disease inflammation that can occur anywhere in GI tract S/s: fever, cramps, diarrhea, weight loss, dehydration during acute episode, priorities are same as UC abd guarding, pain, distention fever pale tachycardia, tachypnea s/s bowel perforation paracentesis removal of fluid from peritoneal cavity, performed at bedside (pt is in upright position at edge of bed) VS + weight pre procedure have pt void upright position dry sterile dressing @ puncture site measure fluid removed paracentesis priority nursing GERD heartburn, epigastric pain, dyspepsia, NV, pain with swallowing have pt avoid peppermint, chocolate, coffee, fried foods, carbonated drinks, alcohol (irritants) *antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, or PPIs are given as a medication colonoscopy lining of large intestine is examined (biopsies can be performed) with pt in a L side lying position (knees to chest) diverticulosis usually discovered during colonoscopy, asymptomatic and no treatment needed can develop into diverticulitis (treated with ABX and clear liquid diet) ERCP examination of hepatobiliary system with endoscope down the esophagus prep: NPO before procedure post procedure: monitor for return of gag reflex and for signs of perforation peptic ulc