Nursing Knowledge and Practice: Patient Assessment, Physical and Neurocognitive Evaluation, Vital Signs and Clinical Measurements, Health History and Body Systems Review, Nutritional Assessment, Cultural, Spiritual, and Psychosocial Competence, Evidence-B

Nursing Knowledge and Practice: Patient Assessment, Physical and Neurocognitive Evaluation, Vital Signs and Clinical Measurements, Health History and Body Systems Review, Nutritional Assessment, Cultural, Spiritual, and Psychosocial Competence, Evidence-Based Nursing Interventions, Care Planning and Goal Setting, Patient Education and Adult Learning Principles, Documentation, Legal and Ethical Standards, Advanced Directives, Clinical Judgment, Critical Thinking, and Quality & Safety in Nursing Practice Exam Questions Verified and Provided with A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026 -Sit at eye level -Keep between a personal to social distance from pt. -Maintain eye contact -Maintain conversational tone. conducting health history: appropriate body language -give pt a chance to speak -dont interrupt -don't lead with questions -avoid consecutive close-ended questions communication pitfalls with conducting a health history -Determine chief complaint -Obtain HPI (history of present illness) -Obtain past medical surgical history -Past social history -Family medical history -Review of Systems Elements of a health history state the importance of discussing each body system to collect data (key to finding underlying problem) Review of body systems (ROS) -dry, dull brittle hair or skin -poor wound healing -lack of subcutaneous fat -muscle wasting -general weakness or impaired coordination symptoms of poor nutrition Female: 100 lbs for 5 ft. + 5 lbs for each additional inch Male: 106 lbs for 5 ft. + 6 lbs for each additional inch Ideal Body Weight (IBW) -stand erect next to wall without shoes -Same scale, same time of day. example: 5 ft = 100 lbs 6 in x 5= 30 130 lbs 130 x 10%=13 130 +/- 13=117-143 lbs IBW plus or minus 10% for large or small body frames Multiply IBW x activity level = calories per day Sedentary activity level male 16, female 14 moderately active male 21, female 18 heavily active male 28, female 22 male 14-18 female 12-16 hemoglobin total lymphocyte count -indicative of immune function -immune-incompetence correlates with malnutrition 3.5-5.5 serum albumin protein malnutrition blood loss altered hydration status low levels of serum albumin indicate injury renal disease high levels of serum albumin indicate 23-43 pre-albumin -more sensitive indicator of pathology nitrogen balance (+ or -) used as an index of protein nutritional status calculate protein intake and subtract protein excretion anabolic positive nitrogen balance catabolic negative nitrogen balance -biophysical(illness, surgery, medication and therapy, age, osteoporosis) -psychosocial(depression, stress, advertising, use of comfort food) -socioeconomic (poverty, alcohol or drug use) risk factors for nutritional problems 30 or higher Obese 25-29.9 Overweight 18.5-24.9 Healthy weight below 18.4 Underw